Ticket #13371: intercal.ps

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/F0 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(THE INTERCAL PR)154.038 93.37 Q(OGRAMMING LANGU)
-.36 E -.66(AG)-.72 G(E).66 E(REVISED REFERENCE MANU)192.03 107.37 Q(AL)
-.72 E/F1 11/Times-Italic@0 SF(Donald R. W)246.885 140.37 Q(oods)-1.012
E(and)277.086 153.37 Q -.385(Ja)252.242 166.37 S(mes M. L).385 E(yon)
-.33 E(C-INTERCAL r)231.689 192.37 Q -.165(ev)-.407 G(isions:).165 E
(Louis Howell)255.845 205.37 Q(and)277.086 218.37 Q(Eric S. Raymond)
248.216 231.37 Q 0 Cg EP
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(1. INTR)69.336 96 R(ODUCTION)-.4 E F0("But I don')94.336 132 Q 2.5(tw)
-.18 G(ant to go among mad people," Alice remark)-2.6 E(ed.)-.1 E
("Oh, you ca'n')94.336 150 Q 2.5(th)-.18 G(elp that," said the Cat: "W)
-2.5 E(e')-.8 E(re all mad here. I'm mad. Y)-.5 E(ou')-1.1 E(re mad.")
-.5 E("Ho)94.336 168 Q 2.5(wd)-.25 G 2.5(oy)-2.5 G(ou kno)-2.5 E 2.5(wI)
-.25 G('m mad?" said Alice.)-2.5 E("Y)94.336 186 Q
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-2.25 -.2(av e)-2.5 H(come here.")2.7 E 2.104
(The names you are about to ignore are true. Ho)69.336 204 R(we)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904 -.4(r, t).15 H 2.103
(he story has been changed signi\214cantly).4 F 4.603(.A)-.65 G -.15(ny)
-4.603 G .372(resemblance of the programming language portrayed here to\
 other programming languages, li)69.336 216 R .373(ving or dead,)-.25 F
(is purely coincidental.)69.336 228 Q F1 2.5(1.1 Origin)69.336 246 R
(and Purpose)2.5 E F0 .438(The INTERCAL programming language w)69.336
264 R .437(as designed the morning of May 26, 1972 by Donald R. W)-.1 F
(oods)-.8 E 1.391(and James M. L)69.336 276 R 1.391
(yon, at Princeton Uni)-.55 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E 3.891(.E)-.65 G
1.391(xactly when in the morning will become apparent in the)-3.891 F
(course of this manual.)69.336 288 Q .412(Eighteen years later \(gi)
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-.1 G .912 -.25(ew m)-2.912 H .412
(onths\) Eric S. Raymond perpetrated a UNIX-hosted INTERCAL).25 F .692
(compiler as a week)69.336 318 R .692(end hack. The C-INTERCAL implemen\
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(by an international community of technomasochists, including Louis Ho)
69.336 330 R .324(well, Ste)-.25 F .624 -.15(ve S)-.25 H -.1(wa).15 G
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(vidently an Atari implementation sometime between these tw)-.25 F .122
(o; notes on it got appended to the)-.1 F
(INTERCAL-72 manual. The culprits ha)69.336 372 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H
(ensibly declined to identify themselv).15 E(es.\))-.15 E 2.274
(INTERCAL w)69.336 390 R 2.274(as inspired by one ambition: to ha)-.1 F
2.574 -.15(ve a c)-.2 H 2.273
(ompiler language which has nothing at all in).15 F .177(common with an)
69.336 402 R 2.677(yo)-.15 G .177(ther major language. By 'major' w)
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1.347(ASIC, COBOL, ALGOL, SNOBOL, SPITBOL, FOCAL, SOL)-.35 F 1.347
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E F1 2.5(1.2 Acr)69.336 468 R(onym)-.45 E F0 1.241
(The full name of the compiler is "Compiler Language W)69.336 486 R
1.242(ith No Pronounceable Acron)-.4 F 1.242(ym", which is, for)-.15 F
(ob)69.336 498 Q(vious reasons, abbre)-.15 E(viated "INTERCAL".)-.25 E
F1 2.5(1.3 Ac)69.336 516 R(knowledgments)-.2 E F0 1.508
(The authors are deeply indebted to Eric M. V)69.336 534 R 1.507
(an and Daniel J. W)-1.11 F(armenho)-.8 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.507
(n, without whose unwitting).15 F(assistance this manual w)69.336 546 Q
(ould still ha)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een possible.).15 E 0 Cg EP
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(," the King replied. "I said there w)B .239(as nothing)-.1 F F1(lik)
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240 R(Pr)2.5 E -.1(og)-.45 G -.15(ra).1 G(m).15 E F0(Sho)69.336 258 Q
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(ly simple INTERCAL program which will read in 32-bit unsigned inte).15
F .502(gers, treat)-.15 F 1.607(them as signed, 2')69.336 270 R 1.607
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4-)277.006 48 S 2.386
(to learn, one might e)69.336 96 R 2.386(xpect it w)-.15 F 2.386
(ould be a good language for initiating no)-.1 F 2.386
(vice programmers.)-.15 F(Perhaps)7.386 E .398
(surprising, then, is the f)69.336 108 R .397(act that it w)-.1 F .397
(ould be more lik)-.1 F .397(ely to initiate a no)-.1 F .397
(vice into a search for another line of)-.15 F -.1(wo)69.336 120 S .513
(rk. As it turns out, INTERCAL is more useful \(which isn').1 F 3.013
(ts)-.18 G .513(aying much\) as a challenge to professional)-3.013 F
5.112(programmers. Those)69.336 132 R 2.611(who doubt this need only re\
fer back to the sample program in section . This)5.112 F .291
(23-statement program took some)69.336 144 R .292
(where from 15 to 30 minutes to write, whereas the same objecti)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.792(sc).15 G .292(an be)-2.792 F(achie)69.336 156 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(db).15 G 2.5(ys)-2.5 G
(ingle-statement programs in either SNOBOL;)-2.5 E
(PLEASE INPUT POS\(0\) \('-' ! ')89.336 174 Q('\))-.74 E 2.5(+\()89.336
186 S(SP)-2.5 E(AN\('0123456789'\) $ OUTPUT\))-.92 E 2.5(+*)89.336 198 S
(NE\(OUTPUT\) :S\(PLEASE\)F\(END\))-2.5 E(or APL;)69.336 216 Q([1])
89.336 234 Q/F1 10/Symbol SF<ae>2.5 E F0(0)A F1<b9>A .4 LW 129.356 234
124.356 234 DL 129.356 229 129.356 234 DL 124.356 229 129.356 229 DL
124.356 234 124.356 229 DL<ac>129.856 234 Q 140.726 227.25 140.726 234
DL 147.226 234 142.226 234 DL 147.226 229 147.226 234 DL 142.226 229
147.226 229 DL 142.226 234 142.226 229 DL F0(Admittedly)69.336 252 Q
3.481(,n)-.65 G .981(either of these is lik)-3.481 F .981
(ely to appear more intelligible to an)-.1 F .98(yone unf)-.15 F .98
(amiliar with the languages)-.1 F(in)69.336 264 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E
3.964(ed, b)-.15 F 3.964(ut the)-.2 F 6.464(yt)-.15 G 3.964
(ook roughly 60 seconds and 15 seconds, respecti)-6.464 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly).15 E 6.464(,t)-.65 G 6.464(ow)-6.464 G 3.964(rite. Such is the)
-6.464 F -.15(ove)69.336 276 S(rwhelming po).15 E(wer of INTERCAL!)-.25
E .674(The other major importance of INTERCAL lies in its seemingly ine)
69.336 294 R .673(xhaustible capacity for amazing one')-.15 F(s)-.55 E
(fello)69.336 306 Q 2.583(wp)-.25 G .084(rogrammers, confounding progra\
mming shop managers, winning friends, and in\215uencing people. It)
-2.583 F 1.025(is a well-kno)69.336 318 R 1.025
(wn and oft-demonstrated f)-.25 F 1.025(act that a person whose w)-.1 F
1.025(ork is incomprehensible is held in high)-.1 F 1.802(esteem. F)
69.336 330 R 1.802(or e)-.15 F 1.802
(xample, if one were to state that the simplest w)-.15 F 1.802
(ay to store a v)-.1 F 1.802(alue of 65536 in a 32-bit)-.25 F
(INTERCAL v)69.336 342 Q(ariable is:)-.25 E(DO :1 <- #0\242#256)89.336
360 Q(an)69.336 378 Q 3.934(ys)-.15 G 1.434(ensible programmer w)-3.934
F 1.434(ould say that that w)-.1 F 1.434
(as absurd. Since this is indeed the simplest method, the)-.1 F .366
(programmer w)69.336 390 R .367
(ould be made to look foolish in front of his boss, who w)-.1 F .367
(ould of course happened to turn up,)-.1 F(as bosses are w)69.336 402 Q
(ont to do. The ef)-.1 E(fect w)-.25 E(ould be no less de)-.1 E -.25(va)
-.25 G(stating for the programmer ha).25 E(ving been correct.)-.2 E 0 Cg
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-5-)277.006 48 S/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5
(3. DESCRIPTION)69.336 96 R F0 .515("I quite agree with you," said the \
Duchess; "and the moral of that is -- 'Be what you w)94.336 132 R .514
(ould seem to be' --)-.1 F(or)94.336 144 Q 2.575(,i)-.4 G 2.575(fy)
-2.575 G(ou')-2.575 E 2.575(dl)-.5 G(ik)-2.575 E 2.575(ei)-.1 G 2.575
(tp)-2.575 G .075(ut more simply -- 'Ne)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.575
(ri).15 G .076
(magine yourself not to be otherwise than what it might appear)-2.575 F
.99(to others that what you were or might ha)94.336 156 R 1.29 -.15
(ve b)-.2 H .99(een w).15 F .99
(as not otherwise than what you had been w)-.1 F .99(ould ha)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G(appeared to them to be otherwise.")94.336 168 Q .137
("I think I should understand that better)94.336 180 R .137
(," Alice said v)-.4 F .137(ery politely)-.15 F 2.638(,")-.65 G .138
(if I had it written do)-2.638 F .138(wn: b)-.25 F .138(ut I ca'n')-.2 F
2.638(tq)-.18 G(uite)-2.638 E(follo)94.336 192 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G 2.5(ta)
-2.5 G 2.5(sy)-2.5 G(ou say it.")-2.5 E("That')94.336 210 Q 2.5(sn)-.55
G(othing to what I could say if I chose," the Duchess replied, in a ple\
ased tone.)-2.5 E .621(The e)69.336 228 R .621
(xamples of INTERCAL programming which ha)-.15 F .921 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
.62(ppeared in the preceding sections of this manual).15 F(ha)69.336 240
Q .986 -.15(ve p)-.2 H .686
(robably seemed highly esoteric to the reader unf).15 F .686
(amiliar with the language. W)-.1 F .687(ith the aim of making)-.4 F
(them more so, we present here a description of INTERCAL.)69.336 252 Q
F1 2.5(3.1 V)69.336 270 R(ariables)-1.11 E F0 .188(INTERCAL allo)69.336
288 R .188(ws only 2 dif)-.25 F .188(ferent types of v)-.25 F .188
(ariables, the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .187(16-bit integer)2.687 F
F0 .187(and the)2.687 F F2 .187(32-bit integer)2.687 F(.)-1 E F0 .187
(These are)5.187 F 1.893(represented by a spot \(.\) or tw)69.336 300 R
1.894(o-spot \(:\), respecti)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 4.394(,f)-.65
G(ollo)-4.394 E 1.894(wed by an)-.25 F 4.394(yn)-.15 G 1.894
(umber between 1 and 65535,)-4.394 F(inclusi)69.336 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.303(.T).15 G .303(hese v)-5.303 F .302
(ariables may contain only non-ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .602
-.15(ve n)-.25 H .302(umbers; thus the).15 F 2.802(yh)-.15 G -2.25 -.2
(av e)-2.802 H .302(the respecti)3.002 F .602 -.15(ve r)-.25 H .302
(anges of).15 F -.25(va)69.336 324 S .27
(lues: 0 to 65535 and 0 to 4294967295. Note: .123 and :123 are tw).25 F
2.771(od)-.1 G .271(istinct v)-2.771 F .271
(ariables. On the other hand,)-.25 F(.1 and .0001 are identical.)69.336
336 Q(Furthermore, the latter may)5 E F1(not)2.5 E F0
(be written as 1E-3.)2.5 E F1 2.5(3.2 Constants)69.336 354 R F2
(Constants)69.336 372 Q F0 2.029(are 16-bit v)4.529 F 2.028
(alues only and may range from 0 to 65535. The)-.25 F 4.528(ya)-.15 G
2.028(re pre\214x)-4.528 F 2.028(ed by a mesh \(#\).)-.15 F 1.213
(Caution! Under no circumstances confuse the mesh with the interlea)
69.336 384 R 1.513 -.15(ve o)-.2 H(perator).15 E 3.713(,e)-.4 G 1.213
(xcept under confusing)-3.863 F(circumstances!)69.336 396 Q F1 2.5
(3.3 Arr)69.336 414 R(ays)-.15 E F2(Arrays)69.336 432 Q F0 .104
(are represented by a tail \(,\) for 16-bit v)2.604 F .103
(alues, or a h)-.25 F .103(ybrid \(;\) for 32-bit v)-.05 F .103
(alues, follo)-.25 F .103(wed by a number)-.25 F 1.518
(between 1 and 65535, inclusi)69.336 444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.019(.T).15 G
1.519(he number is suf)-4.019 F<8c78>-.25 E 1.519(ed by the w)-.15 F
1.519(ord SUB, follo)-.1 F 1.519(wed by the subscripts,)-.25 F .939
(separated optionally by spaces. Subscripts may be an)69.336 456 R 3.439
(ye)-.15 G .939(xpressions, including those in)-3.589 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
.939(lving subscripted).2 F -.25(va)69.336 468 S .513(riables. This occ\
asionally leads to ambiguous constructions, which are resolv).25 F .513
(ed as discussed in section .)-.15 F 1.429(De\214nition of array dimens\
ions will be discussed later in greater detail, since discussing it in \
less detail)69.336 480 R -.1(wo)69.336 492 S .477(uld be dif).1 F .478
(\214cult. As before, ,123 and ;123 are distinct.)-.25 F .478
(In summary)5.478 F 2.978(,.)-.65 G .478
(123, :123, #123, ,123, and ;123 are)-2.978 F(all distinct.)69.336 504 Q
F1 2.5(3.4 Oper)69.336 522 R(ator)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .197
(INTERCAL recognizes 5 operators -- 2 binary and 3 unary)69.336 540 R/F3
7/Times-Roman@0 SF(1)2.696 -4 M F0 2.696(.P)4 K .196
(lease be kind to our operators: the)-2.696 F 2.696(ym)-.15 G .196
(ay not)-2.696 F 1.491(be v)69.336 552 R 1.491(ery intelligent, b)-.15 F
1.491(ut the)-.2 F(y')-.15 E 1.491(re all we')-.5 F 1.791 -.15(ve g)-.5
H 3.991(ot. In).15 F 3.991(as)3.991 G 1.491
(ense, all 5 operators are binary)-3.991 F 3.991(,a)-.65 G 3.991(st)
-3.991 G(he)-3.991 E 3.991(ya)-.15 G 1.491(re all bit-)-3.991 F
(oriented, b)69.336 564 Q
(ut it is not our purpose here to quibble about bits of tri)-.2 E(via.)
-.25 E F1 2.5(3.4.1 Binary)69.336 582 R(Oper)2.5 E(ator)-.15 E(s)-.1 E
F0 .417(The binary operators are)69.336 600 R F2(interlea)2.917 E -.1
(ve)-.25 G F0 .416(\(also called)3.016 F F2(mingle)2.916 E F0 2.916(\)a)
C(nd)-2.916 E F2(select)2.916 E F0 2.916(,w)C .416
(hich are represented by a change \(\242\))-2.916 F .796
(and a sqiggle [sic] \(~\), respecti)69.336 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15
E 5.796(.\()-.65 G .796(In C-INTERCAL)-5.796 F 1.896 -.55('s A)-.92 H
.796(SCII en).55 F .796(vironment, EBCDIC \242 is replaced by a)-.4 F
(big mone)69.336 624 Q 2.5(y\()-.15 G($\), b)-2.5 E(ut \242 can be used\
 if encoded in Latin-1 as \\0xA2 or UTF-8 as 0xC2A2.\))-.2 E .938
(The interlea)69.336 642 R 1.237 -.15(ve o)-.2 H .937(perator tak).15 F
.937(es tw)-.1 F 3.437(o1)-.1 G .937(6-bit v)-3.437 F .937
(alues and produces a 32-bit result by alternating the bits of the)-.25
F 3.063(operands. Thus, #65535\242#0 has the 32-bit binary form 101010.\
...10 or 2863311530 decimal, while)69.336 654 R(#0\242#65535 = 0101....\
01 binary = 1431655765 decimal, and #255\242#255 is equi)69.336 666 Q
-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to #65535.).25 E .087(The select operator tak)69.336
684 R .087(es from the \214rst operand whiche)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.587
(rb).15 G .087(its correspond to 1')-2.587 F 2.587(si)-.55 G 2.587(nt)
-2.587 G .087(he second operand, and)-2.587 F .385
(packs these bits to the right in the result.)69.336 696 R .386
(Both operands are automatically padded on the left with zeros to)5.386
F 1.417(32 bits before the selection tak)69.336 708 R 1.417
(es place, so the v)-.1 F 1.417(ariable types are unrestricted.)-.25 F
1.416(If more than 16 bits are)6.416 F .32 LW 73.336 727 69.336 727 DL
77.336 727 73.336 727 DL 81.336 727 77.336 727 DL 85.336 727 81.336 727
DL 89.336 727 85.336 727 DL 93.336 727 89.336 727 DL 97.336 727 93.336
727 DL 101.336 727 97.336 727 DL 105.336 727 101.336 727 DL 109.336 727
105.336 727 DL 113.336 727 109.336 727 DL 117.336 727 113.336 727 DL
121.336 727 117.336 727 DL 125.336 727 121.336 727 DL 129.336 727
125.336 727 DL 133.336 727 129.336 727 DL 137.336 727 133.336 727 DL
141.336 727 137.336 727 DL 145.336 727 141.336 727 DL 149.336 727
145.336 727 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(1.)69.336 744 Q
(Other operators are also a)90.595 744 Q -.2(va)-.16 G
(ilable with C-INTERCAL).2 E .88 -.44('s n)-.736 H
(on-standard dialects; see section .).44 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-6-)277.006 48 S .853
(selected, the result is a 32-bit v)69.336 96 R .853
(alue, otherwise it is a 16-bit v)-.25 F .853(alue. F)-.25 F .853(or e)
-.15 F .853(xample, #179~#201 \(binary v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E .352
(10110011~11001001\) selects from the \214rst ar)69.336 108 R .352
(gument the 8th, 7th, 4th, and 1st from last bits, namely)-.18 F 2.851
(,1)-.65 G(001,)-2.851 E .012(which = 9. But #201~#179 selects from bin\
ary 11001001 the 8th, 6th, 5th, 2nd, and 1st from last bits, gi)69.336
120 R(ving)-.25 E(10001 = 17. #179~#179 has the v)69.336 132 Q
(alue 31, while #201~#201 has the v)-.25 E(alue 15.)-.25 E .421
(Perhaps a simpler w)69.336 150 R .421
(ay of understanding the operation of the select operator w)-.1 F .42
(ould be to e)-.1 F .42(xamine the logic)-.15 F .708
(diagram in Figure 1, which performs the select operation upon tw)69.336
162 R 3.208(o8)-.1 G .708(-bit v)-3.208 F .708(alues, A and B. The g)
-.25 F .708(ates used)-.05 F 1.219(are W)69.336 174 R(armenho)-.8 E
1.219(vian logic g)-.15 F 1.219(ates, which means the outputs ha)-.05 F
1.518 -.15(ve f)-.2 H 1.218(our possible v).15 F 1.218(alues: lo)-.25 F
2.518 -.65(w, h)-.25 H 1.218(igh, unde\214ned).65 F(\(v)69.336 186 Q
.344(alue of an uninitialized \215ip-\215op\), and oscillating \(output\
 of a NOR g)-.25 F .345(ate with one input lo)-.05 F 2.845(wa)-.25 G
.345(nd the other)-2.845 F .259
(input connected to the output\). These v)69.336 198 R .258
(alues are represented symbolically by '0', '1', '?', and ')-.25 F/F1 10
/Symbol SF<c6>A F0 2.758('. Note)B(in)2.758 E .429
(particular that, while NO)69.336 210 R -.92(T-)-.4 G 2.929(0i).92 G
2.929(s1a)-2.929 G .429(nd NO)-2.929 F -.92(T-)-.4 G 2.929(1i).92 G
2.929(s0a)-2.929 G 2.93(si)-2.929 G 2.93(nt)-2.93 G -.1(wo)-2.93 G(-v).1
E .43(alued logic, NO)-.25 F -.92(T-)-.4 G 2.93(?i).92 G 2.93(s?a)-2.93
G .43(nd NO)-2.93 F -.92(T-)-.4 G F1<c6>.92 E F0(is)2.93 E F1<c6>2.93 E
F0 2.93(.T)C(he)-2.93 E(functions of the v)69.336 222 Q(arious g)-.25 E
(ates are listed in T)-.05 E(able 1.)-.8 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-7-)277.006 48 S .4 LW 102.312 663 102.312
694.536 DL 129.312 663 102.312 663 DL 138.312 670.848 129.312 663 DL
138.312 686.616 138.312 670.848 DL 129.312 694.464 138.312 686.616 DL
102.312 694.536 129.312 694.536 DL(6)117.812 680.968 Q 102.312 600
102.312 631.536 DL 129.312 600 102.312 600 DL 138.312 607.848 129.312
600 DL 138.312 623.616 138.312 607.848 DL 129.312 631.464 138.312
623.616 DL 102.312 631.536 129.312 631.536 DL(6)117.812 617.968 Q
102.312 536.928 102.312 568.464 DL 129.312 537 102.312 537 DL 138.312
544.848 129.312 537 DL 138.312 560.616 138.312 544.848 DL 129.312
568.464 138.312 560.616 DL 102.312 568.464 129.312 568.464 DL(1)117.812
554.968 Q 102.312 474 102.312 505.536 DL 129.312 474 102.312 474 DL
138.312 481.848 129.312 474 DL 138.312 497.616 138.312 481.848 DL
129.312 505.464 138.312 497.616 DL 102.312 505.536 129.312 505.536 DL(1)
117.812 491.968 Q 102.312 411 102.312 442.536 DL 129.312 411 102.312 411
DL 138.312 418.848 129.312 411 DL 138.312 434.616 138.312 418.848 DL
129.312 442.464 138.312 434.616 DL 102.312 442.536 129.312 442.536 DL(1)
117.812 428.968 Q 102.312 348 102.312 379.536 DL 129.312 348 102.312 348
DL 138.312 355.848 129.312 348 DL 138.312 371.616 138.312 355.848 DL
129.312 379.464 138.312 371.616 DL 102.312 379.536 129.312 379.536 DL(1)
117.812 365.968 Q 102.312 284.928 102.312 316.464 DL 129.312 285 102.312
285 DL 138.312 292.848 129.312 285 DL 138.312 308.616 138.312 292.848 DL
129.312 316.464 138.312 308.616 DL 102.312 316.464 129.312 316.464 DL(1)
117.812 302.968 Q 102.312 222 102.312 253.536 DL 129.312 222 102.312 222
DL 138.312 229.848 129.312 222 DL 138.312 245.616 138.312 229.848 DL
129.312 253.464 138.312 245.616 DL 102.312 253.536 129.312 253.536 DL(1)
117.812 239.968 Q 102.312 159 102.312 190.464 DL 129.312 159 102.312 159
DL 138.312 166.848 129.312 159 DL 138.312 182.616 138.312 166.848 DL
129.312 190.464 138.312 182.616 DL 102.312 190.464 129.312 190.464 DL(1)
117.812 176.968 Q 102.312 96 102.312 127.464 DL 129.312 96 102.312 96 DL
138.312 103.848 129.312 96 DL 138.312 119.616 138.312 103.848 DL 129.312
127.464 138.312 119.616 DL 102.312 127.464 129.312 127.464 DL(1)117.812
113.968 Q 188.712 663 188.712 694.536 DL 215.712 663 188.712 663 DL
224.712 670.848 215.712 663 DL 224.712 686.616 224.712 670.848 DL
215.712 694.464 224.712 686.616 DL 188.712 694.536 215.712 694.536 DL(1)
204.212 680.968 Q 188.712 600 188.712 631.536 DL 215.712 600 188.712 600
DL 224.712 607.848 215.712 600 DL 224.712 623.616 224.712 607.848 DL
215.712 631.464 224.712 623.616 DL 188.712 631.536 215.712 631.536 DL(2)
204.212 617.968 Q 188.712 536.928 188.712 568.464 DL 215.712 537 188.712
537 DL 224.712 544.848 215.712 537 DL 224.712 560.616 224.712 544.848 DL
215.712 568.464 224.712 560.616 DL 188.712 568.464 215.712 568.464 DL(2)
204.212 554.968 Q 188.712 474 188.712 505.536 DL 215.712 474 188.712 474
DL 224.712 481.848 215.712 474 DL 224.712 497.616 224.712 481.848 DL
215.712 505.464 224.712 497.616 DL 188.712 505.536 215.712 505.536 DL(2)
204.212 491.968 Q 188.712 411 188.712 442.536 DL 215.712 411 188.712 411
DL 224.712 418.848 215.712 411 DL 224.712 434.616 224.712 418.848 DL
215.712 442.464 224.712 434.616 DL 188.712 442.536 215.712 442.536 DL(2)
204.212 428.968 Q 188.712 348 188.712 379.536 DL 215.712 348 188.712 348
DL 224.712 355.848 215.712 348 DL 224.712 371.616 224.712 355.848 DL
215.712 379.464 224.712 371.616 DL 188.712 379.536 215.712 379.536 DL(2)
204.212 365.968 Q 188.712 284.928 188.712 316.464 DL 215.712 285 188.712
285 DL 224.712 292.848 215.712 285 DL 224.712 308.616 224.712 292.848 DL
215.712 316.464 224.712 308.616 DL 188.712 316.464 215.712 316.464 DL(2)
204.212 302.968 Q 188.712 222 188.712 253.536 DL 215.712 222 188.712 222
DL 224.712 229.848 215.712 222 DL 224.712 245.616 224.712 229.848 DL
215.712 253.464 224.712 245.616 DL 188.712 253.536 215.712 253.536 DL(2)
204.212 239.968 Q 188.712 159 188.712 190.464 DL 215.712 159 188.712 159
DL 224.712 166.848 215.712 159 DL 224.712 182.616 224.712 166.848 DL
215.712 190.464 224.712 182.616 DL 188.712 190.464 215.712 190.464 DL(2)
204.212 176.968 Q 188.712 96 188.712 127.464 DL 215.712 96 188.712 96 DL
224.712 103.848 215.712 96 DL 224.712 119.616 224.712 103.848 DL 215.712
127.464 224.712 119.616 DL 188.712 127.464 215.712 127.464 DL(2)204.212
113.968 Q 260.712 663 260.712 694.536 DL 287.712 663 260.712 663 DL
296.712 670.848 287.712 663 DL 296.712 686.616 296.712 670.848 DL
287.712 694.464 296.712 686.616 DL 260.712 694.536 287.712 694.536 DL(1)
276.212 680.968 Q 260.712 600 260.712 631.536 DL 287.712 600 260.712 600
DL 296.712 607.848 287.712 600 DL 296.712 623.616 296.712 607.848 DL
287.712 631.464 296.712 623.616 DL 260.712 631.536 287.712 631.536 DL(7)
276.212 617.968 Q 260.712 536.928 260.712 568.464 DL 287.712 537 260.712
537 DL 296.712 544.848 287.712 537 DL 296.712 560.616 296.712 544.848 DL
287.712 568.464 296.712 560.616 DL 260.712 568.464 287.712 568.464 DL(4)
276.212 554.968 Q 260.712 474 260.712 505.536 DL 287.712 474 260.712 474
DL 296.712 481.848 287.712 474 DL 296.712 497.616 296.712 481.848 DL
287.712 505.464 296.712 497.616 DL 260.712 505.536 287.712 505.536 DL(3)
276.212 491.968 Q 260.712 411 260.712 442.536 DL 287.712 411 260.712 411
DL 296.712 418.848 287.712 411 DL 296.712 434.616 296.712 418.848 DL
287.712 442.464 296.712 434.616 DL 260.712 442.536 287.712 442.536 DL(3)
276.212 428.968 Q 260.712 348 260.712 379.536 DL 287.712 348 260.712 348
DL 296.712 355.848 287.712 348 DL 296.712 371.616 296.712 355.848 DL
287.712 379.464 296.712 371.616 DL 260.712 379.536 287.712 379.536 DL(3)
276.212 365.968 Q 260.712 284.928 260.712 316.464 DL 287.712 285 260.712
285 DL 296.712 292.848 287.712 285 DL 296.712 308.616 296.712 292.848 DL
287.712 316.464 296.712 308.616 DL 260.712 316.464 287.712 316.464 DL(7)
276.212 302.968 Q 260.712 222 260.712 253.536 DL 287.712 222 260.712 222
DL 296.712 229.848 287.712 222 DL 296.712 245.616 296.712 229.848 DL
287.712 253.464 296.712 245.616 DL 260.712 253.536 287.712 253.536 DL(3)
276.212 239.968 Q 260.712 159 260.712 190.464 DL 287.712 159 260.712 159
DL 296.712 166.848 287.712 159 DL 296.712 182.616 296.712 166.848 DL
287.712 190.464 296.712 182.616 DL 260.712 190.464 287.712 190.464 DL(7)
276.212 176.968 Q 260.712 96 260.712 127.464 DL 287.712 96 260.712 96 DL
296.712 103.848 287.712 96 DL 296.712 119.616 296.712 103.848 DL 287.712
127.464 296.712 119.616 DL 260.712 127.464 287.712 127.464 DL(3)276.212
113.968 Q 332.712 663 332.712 694.536 DL 359.712 663 332.712 663 DL
368.712 670.848 359.712 663 DL 368.712 686.616 368.712 670.848 DL
359.712 694.464 368.712 686.616 DL 332.712 694.536 359.712 694.536 DL(1)
348.212 680.968 Q 332.712 600 332.712 631.536 DL 359.712 600 332.712 600
DL 368.712 607.848 359.712 600 DL 368.712 623.616 368.712 607.848 DL
359.712 631.464 368.712 623.616 DL 332.712 631.536 359.712 631.536 DL(3)
348.212 617.968 Q 332.712 536.928 332.712 568.464 DL 359.712 537 332.712
537 DL 368.712 544.848 359.712 537 DL 368.712 560.616 368.712 544.848 DL
359.712 568.464 368.712 560.616 DL 332.712 568.464 359.712 568.464 DL(3)
348.212 554.968 Q 332.712 474 332.712 505.536 DL 359.712 474 332.712 474
DL 368.712 481.848 359.712 474 DL 368.712 497.616 368.712 481.848 DL
359.712 505.464 368.712 497.616 DL 332.712 505.536 359.712 505.536 DL(4)
348.212 491.968 Q 332.712 411 332.712 442.536 DL 359.712 411 332.712 411
DL 368.712 418.848 359.712 411 DL 368.712 434.616 368.712 418.848 DL
359.712 442.464 368.712 434.616 DL 332.712 442.536 359.712 442.536 DL(4)
348.212 428.968 Q 332.712 348 332.712 379.536 DL 359.712 348 332.712 348
DL 368.712 355.848 359.712 348 DL 368.712 371.616 368.712 355.848 DL
359.712 379.464 368.712 371.616 DL 332.712 379.536 359.712 379.536 DL(3)
348.212 365.968 Q 332.712 284.928 332.712 316.464 DL 359.712 285 332.712
285 DL 368.712 292.848 359.712 285 DL 368.712 308.616 368.712 292.848 DL
359.712 316.464 368.712 308.616 DL 332.712 316.464 359.712 316.464 DL(3)
348.212 302.968 Q 332.712 222 332.712 253.536 DL 359.712 222 332.712 222
DL 368.712 229.848 359.712 222 DL 368.712 245.616 368.712 229.848 DL
359.712 253.464 368.712 245.616 DL 332.712 253.536 359.712 253.536 DL(3)
348.212 239.968 Q 332.712 159 332.712 190.464 DL 359.712 159 332.712 159
DL 368.712 166.848 359.712 159 DL 368.712 182.616 368.712 166.848 DL
359.712 190.464 368.712 182.616 DL 332.712 190.464 359.712 190.464 DL(3)
348.212 176.968 Q 332.712 96 332.712 127.464 DL 359.712 96 332.712 96 DL
368.712 103.848 359.712 96 DL 368.712 119.616 368.712 103.848 DL 359.712
127.464 368.712 119.616 DL 332.712 127.464 359.712 127.464 DL(3)348.212
113.968 Q 404.712 663 404.712 694.536 DL 431.712 663 404.712 663 DL
440.712 670.848 431.712 663 DL 440.712 686.616 440.712 670.848 DL
431.712 694.464 440.712 686.616 DL 404.712 694.536 431.712 694.536 DL(1)
420.212 680.968 Q 404.712 600 404.712 631.536 DL 431.712 600 404.712 600
DL 440.712 607.848 431.712 600 DL 440.712 623.616 440.712 607.848 DL
431.712 631.464 440.712 623.616 DL 404.712 631.536 431.712 631.536 DL(4)
420.212 617.968 Q 404.712 536.928 404.712 568.464 DL 431.712 537 404.712
537 DL 440.712 544.848 431.712 537 DL 440.712 560.616 440.712 544.848 DL
431.712 568.464 440.712 560.616 DL 404.712 568.464 431.712 568.464 DL(5)
420.212 554.968 Q 404.712 474 404.712 505.536 DL 431.712 474 404.712 474
DL 440.712 481.848 431.712 474 DL 440.712 497.616 440.712 481.848 DL
431.712 505.464 440.712 497.616 DL 404.712 505.536 431.712 505.536 DL(5)
420.212 491.968 Q 404.712 411 404.712 442.536 DL 431.712 411 404.712 411
DL 440.712 418.848 431.712 411 DL 440.712 434.616 440.712 418.848 DL
431.712 442.464 440.712 434.616 DL 404.712 442.536 431.712 442.536 DL(4)
420.212 428.968 Q 404.712 348 404.712 379.536 DL 431.712 348 404.712 348
DL 440.712 355.848 431.712 348 DL 440.712 371.616 440.712 355.848 DL
431.712 379.464 440.712 371.616 DL 404.712 379.536 431.712 379.536 DL(5)
420.212 365.968 Q 404.712 284.928 404.712 316.464 DL 431.712 285 404.712
285 DL 440.712 292.848 431.712 285 DL 440.712 308.616 440.712 292.848 DL
431.712 316.464 440.712 308.616 DL 404.712 316.464 431.712 316.464 DL(4)
420.212 302.968 Q 404.712 222 404.712 253.536 DL 431.712 222 404.712 222
DL 440.712 229.848 431.712 222 DL 440.712 245.616 440.712 229.848 DL
431.712 253.464 440.712 245.616 DL 404.712 253.536 431.712 253.536 DL(3)
420.212 239.968 Q 404.712 159 404.712 190.464 DL 431.712 159 404.712 159
DL 440.712 166.848 431.712 159 DL 440.712 182.616 440.712 166.848 DL
431.712 190.464 440.712 182.616 DL 404.712 190.464 431.712 190.464 DL(2)
420.212 176.968 Q 404.712 96 404.712 127.464 DL 431.712 96 404.712 96 DL
440.712 103.848 431.712 96 DL 440.712 119.616 440.712 103.848 DL 431.712
127.464 440.712 119.616 DL 404.712 127.464 431.712 127.464 DL(1)420.212
113.968 Q 476.712 694.536 MT 0 -598.536 RL -18 0 RL 0 598.536 RL CL ST
(B)464.377 232.84 Q(U)464.102 262.792 Q(S)464.932 292.744 Q(L)464.657
352.576 Q(I)466.047 382.456 Q(N)464.102 412.408 Q(E)464.657 442.36 Q(8)
465.212 547.048 Q 488.736 129.264 476.712 129.264 DL -.18(TO)500.161
119.464 S(NEW)495.351 131.464 Q -.3(YO)492.721 143.464 S(RK).3 E 488.736
162.528 476.712 162.528 DL -.18(TO)500.161 152.728 S(NEW)495.351 164.728
Q -.3(YO)492.721 176.728 S(RK).3 E 488.736 195.72 476.712 195.72 DL -.18
(TO)500.161 185.92 S(NEW)495.351 197.92 Q -.3(YO)492.721 209.92 S(RK).3
E 488.736 228.984 476.712 228.984 DL -.18(TO)500.161 219.184 S(NEW)
495.351 231.184 Q -.3(YO)492.721 243.184 S(RK).3 E 488.736 262.248
476.712 262.248 DL -.18(TO)500.161 252.448 S(NEW)495.351 264.448 Q -.3
(YO)492.721 276.448 S(RK).3 E 488.736 295.512 476.712 295.512 DL -.18
(TO)500.161 285.712 S(NEW)495.351 297.712 Q -.3(YO)492.721 309.712 S(RK)
.3 E 488.736 328.776 476.712 328.776 DL -.18(TO)500.161 318.976 S(NEW)
495.351 330.976 Q -.3(YO)492.721 342.976 S(RK).3 E 488.736 361.968
476.712 361.968 DL -.18(TO)500.161 352.168 S(NEW)495.351 364.168 Q -.3
(YO)492.721 376.168 S(RK).3 E 488.736 395.232 476.712 395.232 DL -.18
(TO)500.161 385.432 S(NEW)495.351 397.432 Q -.3(YO)492.721 409.432 S(RK)
.3 E 488.736 428.496 476.712 428.496 DL -.18(TO)500.161 418.696 S(NEW)
495.351 430.696 Q -.3(YO)492.721 442.696 S(RK).3 E 488.736 461.76
476.712 461.76 DL -.18(TO)500.161 451.96 S(NEW)495.351 463.96 Q -.3(YO)
492.721 475.96 S(RK).3 E 488.736 495.024 476.712 495.024 DL -.18(TO)
500.161 485.224 S(NEW)495.351 497.224 Q -.3(YO)492.721 509.224 S(RK).3 E
488.736 528.216 476.712 528.216 DL -.18(TO)500.161 518.416 S(NEW)495.351
530.416 Q -.3(YO)492.721 542.416 S(RK).3 E 488.736 561.48 476.712 561.48
DL -.18(TO)500.161 551.68 S(NEW)495.351 563.68 Q -.3(YO)492.721 575.68 S
(RK).3 E 488.736 594.744 476.712 594.744 DL -.18(TO)500.161 584.944 S
(NEW)495.351 596.944 Q -.3(YO)492.721 608.944 S(RK).3 E 488.736 628.008
476.712 628.008 DL -.18(TO)500.161 618.208 S(PHILA-)490.351 630.208 Q
(DELPHIA)485.351 642.208 Q 75.312 542.256 102.312 542.256 DL(A)62.116
544.456 Q(8)67.36 550.432 Q 88.848 542.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 542.256
1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 563.28 102.312 563.28 DL(B)62.666 565.48 Q(8)67.36
571.456 Q 88.848 563.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 563.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312
479.256 102.312 479.256 DL(A)62.116 481.456 Q(7)67.36 487.432 Q 88.848
479.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 479.256 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 500.28 102.312
500.28 DL(B)62.666 502.48 Q(7)67.36 508.456 Q 88.848 500.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg
88.848 500.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 416.256 102.312 416.256 DL(A)62.116
418.456 Q(6)67.36 424.432 Q 88.848 416.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 416.256
1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 437.28 102.312 437.28 DL(B)62.666 439.48 Q(6)67.36
445.456 Q 88.848 437.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 437.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312
353.256 102.312 353.256 DL(A)62.116 355.456 Q(5)67.36 361.432 Q 88.848
353.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 353.256 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 374.28 102.312
374.28 DL(B)62.666 376.48 Q(5)67.36 382.456 Q 88.848 374.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg
88.848 374.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 290.256 102.312 290.256 DL(A)62.116
292.456 Q(4)67.36 298.432 Q 88.848 290.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 290.256
1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 311.28 102.312 311.28 DL(B)62.666 313.48 Q(4)67.36
319.456 Q 88.848 311.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 311.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312
227.256 102.312 227.256 DL(A)62.116 229.456 Q(3)67.36 235.432 Q 88.848
227.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 227.256 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 248.28 102.312
248.28 DL(B)62.666 250.48 Q(3)67.36 256.456 Q 88.848 248.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg
88.848 248.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 164.256 102.312 164.256 DL(A)62.116
166.456 Q(2)67.36 172.432 Q 88.848 164.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 164.256
1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 185.28 102.312 185.28 DL(B)62.666 187.48 Q(2)67.36
193.456 Q 88.848 185.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848 185.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 159.912
678.768 138.312 678.768 DL 159.912 626.28 159.912 678.768 DL 188.712
626.28 159.912 626.28 DL 159.912 668.256 159.912 678.768 DL 159.912
668.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 159.912 668.256 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 188.712 668.256
159.912 668.256 DL 159.912 647.232 159.912 668.256 DL 159.912 647.232
1.8 DC 0 Fg 159.912 647.232 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 368.712 647.232 159.912
647.232 DL 390.312 647.232 368.712 647.232 DL 390.312 647.232 1.8 DC 0
Fg 390.312 647.232 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 390.312 552.768 390.312 647.232 DL
404.712 552.768 390.312 552.768 DL 440.712 647.232 390.312 647.232 DL
447.912 647.232 440.712 647.232 DL 447.912 647.232 1.8 DC 0 Fg 447.912
647.232 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 458.712 647.232 447.912 647.232 DL 447.912
542.256 447.912 647.232 DL 447.912 521.232 447.912 542.256 DL 458.712
521.232 447.912 521.232 DL 152.712 615.768 138.312 615.768 DL 152.712
605.256 152.712 615.768 DL 188.712 605.256 152.712 605.256 DL 88.848
531.744 88.848 542.256 DL 224.784 531.744 88.848 531.744 DL 246.312
531.744 224.712 531.744 DL 246.312 552.768 246.312 531.744 DL 260.712
552.768 246.312 552.768 DL 88.848 573.792 88.848 563.28 DL 206.784
573.72 88.848 573.72 DL 213.912 573.72 206.712 573.72 DL 213.912 584.232
213.912 573.72 DL 296.712 584.232 213.912 584.232 DL 311.112 584.232
296.712 584.232 DL 311.112 605.256 311.112 584.232 DL 332.712 605.256
311.112 605.256 DL 152.712 552.768 138.312 552.768 DL 152.712 542.256
152.712 552.768 DL 152.712 510.72 152.712 542.256 DL 224.712 510.72
152.712 510.72 DL 239.112 510.72 224.712 510.72 DL 239.112 426.696
239.112 510.72 DL 239.112 384.792 239.112 426.768 DL 188.712 384.72
239.112 384.72 DL 181.512 384.72 188.712 384.72 DL 181.512 363.696
181.512 384.72 DL 181.512 321.792 181.512 363.768 DL 167.112 321.72
181.512 321.72 DL 167.112 300.696 167.112 321.72 DL 138.312 300.768
167.112 300.768 DL 88.848 468.744 88.848 479.256 DL 224.784 468.744
88.848 468.744 DL 231.912 468.744 224.712 468.744 DL 231.912 479.256
231.912 468.744 DL 260.712 479.256 231.912 479.256 DL 88.848 510.792
88.848 500.28 DL 120.312 510.72 88.848 510.72 DL 127.512 510.72 120.312
510.72 DL 127.512 521.232 127.512 510.72 DL 224.712 521.232 127.512
521.232 DL 246.312 521.232 224.712 521.232 DL 246.312 353.256 246.312
521.232 DL 246.312 342.744 246.312 353.256 DL 278.712 342.744 246.312
342.744 DL 278.712 321.72 278.712 342.744 DL 296.712 321.72 278.712
321.72 DL 325.512 321.72 296.712 321.72 DL 325.512 227.184 325.512
321.72 DL 325.512 216.744 325.512 227.256 DL 440.712 216.744 325.512
216.744 DL 447.912 216.744 440.712 216.744 DL 447.912 311.208 447.912
216.744 DL 447.912 321.792 447.912 311.28 DL 404.712 321.72 447.912
321.72 DL 383.112 321.72 404.712 321.72 DL 383.112 374.208 383.112
321.72 DL 383.112 395.304 383.112 374.28 DL 397.512 395.232 383.112
395.232 DL 397.512 437.208 397.512 395.232 DL 397.512 458.304 397.512
437.28 DL 375.912 458.232 397.512 458.232 DL 375.912 500.208 375.912
458.232 DL 397.512 500.28 375.912 500.28 DL 397.512 521.304 397.512
500.28 DL 332.712 521.232 397.512 521.232 DL 325.512 521.232 332.712
521.232 DL 325.512 563.208 325.512 521.232 DL 325.512 594.816 325.512
563.28 DL 368.712 594.744 325.512 594.744 DL 368.712 573.72 368.712
594.744 DL 440.712 573.72 368.712 573.72 DL 440.712 594.744 440.712
573.72 DL 440.712 601.944 440.712 594.744 DL 458.712 601.944 440.712
601.944 DL 159.912 489.768 138.312 489.768 DL 159.912 489.768 1.8 DC 0
Fg 159.912 489.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 159.912 542.256 159.912 489.768 DL
188.712 542.256 159.912 542.256 DL 159.912 479.256 159.912 489.768 DL
159.912 447.792 159.912 479.256 DL 159.912 447.72 1.8 DC 0 Fg 159.912
447.72 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 181.512 447.72 159.912 447.72 DL 181.512 426.696
181.512 447.72 DL 188.712 426.768 181.512 426.768 DL 145.512 447.72
159.912 447.72 DL 145.512 290.184 145.512 447.72 DL 145.512 258.72
145.512 290.256 DL 167.112 258.72 145.512 258.72 DL 167.112 185.208
167.112 258.72 DL 188.712 185.28 167.112 185.28 DL 88.848 405.744 88.848
416.256 DL 224.784 405.744 88.848 405.744 DL 231.912 405.744 224.712
405.744 DL 231.912 416.256 231.912 405.744 DL 231.912 416.256 1.8 DC 0
Fg 231.912 416.256 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 260.712 416.256 231.912 416.256 DL
231.912 437.28 231.912 416.256 DL 231.912 447.792 231.912 437.28 DL
296.712 447.72 231.912 447.72 DL 303.912 447.72 296.712 447.72 DL
303.912 479.256 303.912 447.72 DL 332.712 479.256 303.912 479.256 DL
88.848 458.304 88.848 437.28 DL 296.784 458.232 88.848 458.232 DL
296.712 468.744 296.712 458.232 DL 325.512 468.744 296.712 468.744 DL
325.512 500.208 325.512 468.744 DL 325.512 510.792 325.512 500.28 DL
368.712 510.72 325.512 510.72 DL 375.912 510.72 368.712 510.72 DL
375.912 626.208 375.912 510.72 DL 375.912 636.792 375.912 626.28 DL
397.512 636.72 375.912 636.72 DL 397.512 615.696 397.512 636.72 DL
404.712 615.768 397.512 615.768 DL 174.312 426.768 138.312 426.768 DL
174.312 426.768 1.8 DC 0 Fg 174.312 426.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 174.312
489.768 174.312 426.768 DL 174.312 489.768 1.8 DC 0 Fg 174.312 489.768
1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 188.712 489.768 174.312 489.768 DL 174.312 552.768
174.312 489.768 DL 188.712 552.768 174.312 552.768 DL 174.312 311.28
174.312 426.768 DL 174.312 311.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg 174.312 311.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg
ST 188.712 311.28 174.312 311.28 DL 174.312 248.28 174.312 311.28 DL
188.712 248.28 174.312 248.28 DL 88.848 342.744 88.848 353.256 DL
224.784 342.744 88.848 342.744 DL 231.912 342.744 224.712 342.744 DL
231.912 353.256 231.912 342.744 DL 260.712 353.256 231.912 353.256 DL
88.848 395.304 88.848 374.28 DL 296.784 395.232 88.848 395.232 DL
318.312 395.232 296.712 395.232 DL 318.312 489.696 318.312 395.232 DL
332.712 489.768 318.312 489.768 DL 167.112 363.768 138.312 363.768 DL
167.112 363.768 1.8 DC 0 Fg 167.112 363.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 188.712
363.768 167.112 363.768 DL 167.112 437.28 167.112 363.768 DL 167.112
437.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg 167.112 437.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 188.712 437.28 167.112
437.28 DL 167.112 500.28 167.112 437.28 DL 167.112 500.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg
167.112 500.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 188.712 500.28 167.112 500.28 DL 167.112
563.28 167.112 500.28 DL 188.712 563.28 167.112 563.28 DL 88.848 279.744
88.848 290.256 DL 296.784 279.744 88.848 279.744 DL 318.312 279.744
296.712 279.744 DL 318.312 300.768 318.312 279.744 DL 318.312 300.768
1.8 DC 0 Fg 318.312 300.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 332.712 300.768 318.312
300.768 DL 318.312 311.28 318.312 300.768 DL 318.312 332.304 318.312
311.28 DL 325.512 332.232 318.312 332.232 DL 325.512 332.232 1.8 DC 0 Fg
325.512 332.232 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 325.512 363.768 325.512 332.232 DL
332.712 363.768 325.512 363.768 DL 368.712 332.232 325.512 332.232 DL
390.312 332.232 368.712 332.232 DL 390.312 426.768 390.312 332.232 DL
404.712 426.768 390.312 426.768 DL 88.848 332.304 88.848 311.28 DL
224.784 332.232 88.848 332.232 DL 253.512 332.232 224.712 332.232 DL
253.512 374.208 253.512 332.232 DL 253.512 384.792 253.512 374.28 DL
296.712 384.72 253.512 384.72 DL 296.712 405.744 296.712 384.72 DL
325.512 405.744 296.712 405.744 DL 325.512 437.28 325.512 405.744 DL
325.512 447.792 325.512 437.28 DL 368.712 447.72 325.512 447.72 DL
383.112 447.72 368.712 447.72 DL 383.112 447.72 1.8 DC 0 Fg 383.112
447.72 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 383.112 416.184 383.112 447.72 DL 404.712 416.256
383.112 416.256 DL 383.112 479.256 383.112 447.72 DL 404.712 479.256
383.112 479.256 DL 88.848 216.744 88.848 227.256 DL 296.784 216.744
88.848 216.744 DL 303.912 216.744 296.712 216.744 DL 303.912 227.256
303.912 216.744 DL 332.712 227.256 303.912 227.256 DL 88.848 269.304
88.848 248.28 DL 296.784 269.232 88.848 269.232 DL 311.112 269.232
296.712 269.232 DL 311.112 290.256 311.112 269.232 DL 332.712 290.256
311.112 290.256 DL 181.512 237.768 138.312 237.768 DL 181.512 237.768
1.8 DC 0 Fg 181.512 237.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 181.512 300.768 181.512
237.768 DL 188.712 300.768 181.512 300.768 DL 181.512 195.792 181.512
237.768 DL 174.312 195.72 181.512 195.72 DL 174.312 164.184 174.312
195.72 DL 174.312 164.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 174.312 164.256 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST
188.712 164.256 174.312 164.256 DL 174.312 101.256 174.312 164.256 DL
188.712 101.256 174.312 101.256 DL 88.848 153.744 88.848 164.256 DL
224.784 153.744 88.848 153.744 DL 231.912 153.744 224.712 153.744 DL
231.912 227.256 231.912 153.744 DL 260.712 227.256 231.912 227.256 DL
88.848 206.304 88.848 185.28 DL 368.784 206.232 88.848 206.232 DL
375.912 206.232 368.712 206.232 DL 375.912 248.208 375.912 206.232 DL
375.912 269.304 375.912 248.28 DL 390.312 269.232 375.912 269.232 DL
390.312 300.768 390.312 269.232 DL 404.712 300.768 390.312 300.768 DL
159.912 174.768 138.312 174.768 DL 159.912 174.768 1.8 DC 0 Fg 159.912
174.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 159.912 122.28 159.912 174.768 DL 188.712 122.28
159.912 122.28 DL 188.712 174.768 159.912 174.768 DL 159.912 374.28
159.912 174.768 DL 159.912 374.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg 159.912 374.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg
ST 188.712 374.28 159.912 374.28 DL 159.912 416.256 159.912 374.28 DL
188.712 416.256 159.912 416.256 DL 75.312 101.256 102.312 101.256 DL(A)
62.116 103.456 Q(1)67.36 109.432 Q 88.848 101.256 1.8 DC 0 Fg 88.848
101.256 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 75.312 122.28 102.312 122.28 DL(B)62.666 124.48 Q
(1)67.36 130.456 Q 95.616 122.28 1.8 DC 0 Fg 95.616 122.28 1.8 DC 0 Cg
ST 88.848 122.28 88.848 101.256 DL 88.848 132.792 88.848 122.28 DL
224.784 132.72 88.848 132.72 DL 239.112 132.72 224.712 132.72 DL 239.112
101.184 239.112 132.72 DL 260.712 101.256 239.112 101.256 DL 95.616
143.304 95.616 122.28 DL 296.784 143.232 95.616 143.232 DL 303.912
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316.536 DL 249.336 379.464 249.336 411 DL 276.336 379.536 249.336
379.536 DL 285.336 387.384 276.336 379.536 DL 285.336 403.152 285.336
387.384 DL 276.336 411 285.336 403.152 DL 249.336 411 276.336 411 DL
267.336 111.768 1.8 DC 0 Fg 267.336 111.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 267.336
206.232 1.8 DC 0 Fg 267.336 206.232 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 267.336 300.768 1.8
DC 0 Fg 267.336 300.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 267.336 395.232 3.6 DC ST 270.936
395.232 263.736 395.232 DL 267.336 398.832 267.336 391.632 DL 69.336
101.256 249.336 101.256 DL(A)62.116 103.456 Q 69.336 206.232 249.336
206.232 DL(B)62.666 208.432 Q 69.336 290.256 249.336 290.256 DL(C)62.666
292.456 Q 129.312 300.768 249.336 300.768 DL 129.312 420.792 129.312
300.768 DL 93.312 420.72 129.312 420.72 DL(1)88.312 422.92 Q 288.936
111.768 3.6 DC ST 322.56 111.768 292.536 111.768 DL 322.56 111.768 1.8
DC 0 Fg 322.56 111.768 1.8 DC 0 Cg ST 412.56 111.768 322.56 111.768 DL
(D)412.56 113.968 Q 322.56 126.744 322.56 111.768 DL 219.312 111.768
249.336 111.768 DL 219.312 126.744 219.312 111.768 DL 219.312 195.72
249.336 195.72 DL 219.312 180.744 219.312 195.72 DL 322.488 126.744
219.312 180.744 DL 345.312 395.232 285.336 395.232 DL 345.312 195.72
345.312 395.232 DL 345.312 180.744 345.312 195.72 DL 219.312 126.744
345.312 180.744 DL 288.936 206.232 3.6 DC ST 322.56 206.232 292.536
206.232 DL 322.56 311.208 322.56 206.232 DL 322.56 326.256 322.56 311.28
DL 234.36 384.72 249.336 384.72 DL 234.36 369.744 234.36 384.72 DL
322.56 326.256 234.36 369.744 DL 288.936 300.768 3.6 DC ST 310.536
300.768 292.536 300.768 DL 310.536 311.28 310.536 300.768 DL 310.536
326.256 310.536 311.28 DL 219.312 395.232 249.336 395.232 DL 219.312
384.72 219.312 395.232 DL 219.312 369.744 219.312 384.72 DL 310.536
326.256 219.312 369.744 DL(FIGURE 2. FLIP FLAP FLOP)223.801 558.72 Q 0
Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G 129.312
335.976 MT 0 -239.976 RL -30.024 0 RL 0 239.976 RL CL .4 LW ST(9)111.836
218.224 Q 69.336 109.32 99.36 109.32 DL 69.336 122.64 99.36 122.64 DL
69.336 136.032 99.36 136.032 DL 69.336 149.352 99.36 149.352 DL 69.336
162.672 99.36 162.672 DL 69.336 175.992 99.36 175.992 DL 69.336 189.312
99.36 189.312 DL 69.336 202.632 99.36 202.632 DL 69.336 216.024 99.36
216.024 DL 69.336 229.344 99.36 229.344 DL 69.336 242.664 99.36 242.664
DL 69.336 255.984 99.36 255.984 DL 69.336 269.304 99.36 269.304 DL
69.336 282.696 99.36 282.696 DL 69.336 296.016 99.36 296.016 DL 69.336
309.336 99.36 309.336 DL 69.336 322.656 99.36 322.656 DL 159.336 119.976
129.312 119.976 DL 159.336 144.024 129.312 144.024 DL 159.336 168
129.312 168 DL 159.336 191.976 129.312 191.976 DL 159.336 216.024
129.312 216.024 DL 159.336 240 129.312 240 DL 159.336 263.976 129.312
263.976 DL 159.336 288.024 129.312 288.024 DL 159.336 312 129.312 312 DL
(GA)285.336 206.224 Q(TE TYPE 9.)-1.11 E(BLA)5 E(CK BO)-.4 E(X)-.4 E
(INPUTS A1-8,)285.336 218.224 Q(B1-8.)5 E(OUTPUT O1-8 = A1-8~B1-8)
285.336 230.224 Q(FIGURE 1)198.141 473.976 Q 2.5(\(CONTINUED\). NEW)5 F
-.3(YO)2.5 G(RK).3 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(3.4.1.1 Return)69.336 96 R(type of SELECT)2.5 E
F0 .482(INTERCAL-72 de\214ned the return type of a select operation to \
depend on the number of bits selected. The)69.336 114 R 1.01
(C-INTERCAL compiler tak)69.336 126 R 1.01(es the easier route of de\
\214ning the return type to be that of the right operand,)-.1 F 1.067
(independent of its actual v)69.336 138 R 1.067
(alue. This form has the adv)-.25 F 1.066
(antage that all types can be determined at compile)-.25 F 3.041
(time. Putting)69.336 150 R .541(in run-time type-checking w)3.041 F
.541(ould add signi\214cant o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .542
(rhead and complication, to ef).15 F .542(fect a v)-.25 F(ery)-.15 E
(minor change in language semantics.)69.336 162 Q .374
(The only time this distinction mak)69.336 180 R .374(es an)-.1 F 2.874
(yd)-.15 G(if)-2.874 E .374
(ference is when a unary operator is applied to the select result.)-.25
F .393(This happens e)69.336 192 R .393
(xtremely rarely in practice, the only kno)-.15 F .393
(wn instance being the 32-bit greater)-.25 F .394(-than test in the)-.2
F .899(standard library)69.336 204 R 3.399(,w)-.65 G .899
(here an XOR operator is applied to the result of selecting a number ag)
-3.399 F .898(ainst itself. The)-.05 F 1.815
(INTERCAL-72 authors \214rst select the result ag)69.336 216 R 1.816
(ainst #65535\242#65535 to insure that XOR sees a 32-bit)-.05 F -.25(va)
69.336 228 S(lue. W).25 E(ith the current compiler this e)-.4 E
(xtra step is unnecessary)-.15 E 2.5(,b)-.65 G(ut harmless.)-2.7 E .588
(The cautious programmer should write code that does not depend on the \
compiler v)69.336 246 R .588(ersion being used. W)-.15 F(e)-.8 E
(therefore suggest the follo)69.336 258 Q
(wing guideline for determining the select return type:)-.25 E 3.17(As)
69.336 276 S .67
(elect operation with a 16-bit right operand returns a 16-bit v)-3.17 F
.67(alue. The return type of a select operation)-.25 F .604
(with a 32-bit right operand is unde\214ned, b)69.336 288 R .604
(ut is guaranteed to be an acceptable input to a mingle operation)-.2 F
.152(so long as 16 or fe)69.336 300 R .153(wer bits are actually select\
ed. Correct code should not depend on whether the return type)-.25 F
(is 16 or 32 bits.)69.336 312 Q F1 2.5(3.4.2 Unary)69.336 330 R(Oper)2.5
E(ator)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.322(The unary operators are & \(logical)
69.336 348 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(AND)3.821 E F0 1.321(\), V \(logical)
B F2(OR)3.821 E F0 1.321(\), and V)B<ad>-6 -2.4 M(\(logical)3.821 2.4 M
F2(XOR)3.821 E F0 1.321(\). This last character is)B 1.542
(obtained by o)69.336 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.542(rpunching a w).15 F
1.543(orm \(\255\) on a V \(V\).)-.1 F 1.543(\(In C-INTERCAL, V)6.543 F
<ad>-6 -2.4 M 1.543(is replaced by what \(?\). The)4.043 2.4 N 1.019
(compiler recognizes V<backspace>- as a v)69.336 372 R 1.019(alid equi)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.018
(lent, in case you are concerned about compatibility).25 F 1.02
(with the Princeton compiler)69.336 384 R 6.02(.I)-.55 G 3.52(nv)-6.02 G
1.021(ersion 0.20 and later)-3.67 F 3.521(,t)-.4 G 1.021
(he Unicode character U+2200 FOR ALL, which)-3.521 F .41(looks e)69.336
396 R .41(xactly lik)-.15 F 2.91(eV)-.1 G .41
(<backspace>- or an upside-do)-2.91 F .41(wn `)-.25 F 2.63 -1.11(A' i)
-.8 H 2.91(sa)1.11 G .41(lso accepted in UTF-8 form.\))-2.91 F .41
(The operator is)5.41 F .124(inserted between the spot, tw)69.336 408 R
.124(o-spot, mesh, or what-ha)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .124
(-you, and the inte).15 F(ger)-.15 E 2.625(,t)-.4 G .125(hus: .&123, #V)
-2.625 F<ad>-6 -2.4 M .125(123. Multiple)2.4 J .15
(unary operators may not be concatenated, thus the form #V)69.336 420 R
<ad>-6 -2.4 M .15(&123 is in)2.4 J -.25(va)-.4 G .15
(lid. This will be co).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .15(red later when).15 F .199
(precedence is discussed. These operators perform their respecti)69.336
432 R .499 -.15(ve l)-.25 H .2
(ogical operations on all pairs of adjacent).15 F .545(bits, the result\
 from the \214rst and last bits going into the \214rst bit of the resul\
t.)69.336 444 R .545(The ef)5.545 F .545(fect is that of rotating)-.25 F
1.653(the operand one place to the right and ANDing, ORing, or XORing w\
ith its initial v)69.336 456 R 1.654(alue. Thus, #&77)-.25 F 1.198(\(bi\
nary = 1001101\) is binary 0000000000000100 = 4, #V77 is binary 1000000\
001101111 = 32879, and)69.336 468 R(#V)69.336 480 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M
(77 is binary 1000000001101011 = 32875.)2.4 I F1 2.5(3.4.3 Pr)69.336 498
R(ecedence)-.37 E F0(Precedence of operators is as follo)69.336 516 Q
(ws:)-.25 E(\(The remainder of this page intentionally left blank\))
69.336 648 Q/F3 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(2)-4 I .32 LW 73.336 727 69.336 727
DL 77.336 727 73.336 727 DL 81.336 727 77.336 727 DL 85.336 727 81.336
727 DL 89.336 727 85.336 727 DL 93.336 727 89.336 727 DL 97.336 727
93.336 727 DL 101.336 727 97.336 727 DL 105.336 727 101.336 727 DL
109.336 727 105.336 727 DL 113.336 727 109.336 727 DL 117.336 727
113.336 727 DL 121.336 727 117.336 727 DL 125.336 727 121.336 727 DL
129.336 727 125.336 727 DL 133.336 727 129.336 727 DL 137.336 727
133.336 727 DL 141.336 727 137.336 727 DL 145.336 727 141.336 727 DL
149.336 727 145.336 727 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(2.)69.336 744 Q -.2(Ke)
90.595 744 S(ep in mind that the aim in designing INTERCAL w).2 E
(as to ha)-.08 E .24 -.12(ve n)-.16 H 2(op).12 G(recedents.)-2 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G .438
(This precedence \(or lack thereof\) may be o)69.336 96 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
.439(rruled by grouping e).15 F .439
(xpressions between pairs of sparks \('\) or)-.15 F .294
(rabbit-ears \("\). Thus '#165\242#203'~#358 \(binary v)69.336 108 R
.294(alue '10100101\24211001011'~101100110\) has the v)-.25 F .294
(alue 15,)-.25 F -.2(bu)69.336 120 S 4.749(t#).2 G 2.249
(165\242'#203~#358' has the v)-4.749 F 2.249
(alue 34915, and #165\242#203~#358 is in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.25
(lid syntax and is completely).25 F -.25(va)69.336 132 S 1.805
(lueless \(e).25 F 1.805(xcept perhaps as an educational tool to the pr\
ogrammer\). A unary operator is applied to a)-.15 F(spark)69.336 144 Q
1.202(ed or rabbit-eared e)-.1 F 1.202
(xpression by inserting the operator immediately follo)-.15 F 1.203
(wing the opening spark or)-.25 F .996(ears. Thus, the in)69.336 156 R
-.25(va)-.4 G .996(lid e).25 F .996(xpression #V)-.15 F<ad>-6 -2.4 M
.996(&123, which w)2.4 J .996(as described earlier)-.1 F 3.496(,c)-.4 G
.996(ould be coded as 'V)-3.496 F<ad>-6 -2.4 M .996(#&123' or)2.4 J('V)
69.336 168 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M 4.361("&#123"'. Note:)2.4 J 1.862
(In the interests of simplifying the sometimes o)4.361 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rly-comple).15 E 4.362(xf)-.15 G 1.862(orm of e)-4.362 F(xpressions,)
-.15 E .008(INTERCAL allo)69.336 180 R .007
(ws a spark-spot combination \('.\) to be replaced with a w)-.25 F .507
-.25(ow \()-.1 H .007(!\). Thus '.1~.2' is equi).25 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.007(lent to).25 F(!1~.2', and 'V)69.336 192 Q(.1\242.2' is equi)-1.29 E
-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to "V!1\242.2'".).25 E .039
(Combining a rabbit-ears with a spot to form a rabbit \(")69.336 210 R
-1.54 .79(.\) i)-3.29 H 2.54(sn)-.79 G .04
(ot permitted, although the programmer is free to)-2.54 F(use it should\
 he \214nd an EBCDIC reader which will properly translate a 12-3-7-8 pu\
nch.)69.336 222 Q 1.161(Sparks and/or rabbit-ears must also be used to \
distinguish among such otherwise ambiguous subscripted)69.336 240 R
(and multiply-subscripted e)69.336 252 Q(xpressions as:)-.15 E
(,1 SUB #1 ~ #2)89.336 270 Q(,1 SUB ,2 SUB #1 #2 #3)89.336 282 Q
(,1 SUB " ,2 SUB " ,3 SUB #1 " #2 " " #3 ")89.336 294 Q .626(The third \
case may be isolated into either of its possible interpretations by sim\
ply changing some pairs of)69.336 312 R .127
(rabbit-ears to sparks, instead of adding more ears \(which w)69.336 324
R .126(ould only confuse the issue further\). Ambiguous)-.1 F 1.666(cas\
es are de\214ned as those for which the compiler being used \214nds a l\
e)69.336 336 R 1.667(gitimate interpretation which is)-.15 F(dif)69.336
348 Q(ferent from that which the user had in mind. See also section .)
-.25 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(4. ST)69.336 96 R -.37(AT)-.5 G(EMENTS).37 E F0
("There')94.336 132 Q 2.5(sg)-.55 G(lory for you!")-2.5 E("I don')94.336
150 Q 2.5(tk)-.18 G(no)-2.5 E 2.5(ww)-.25 G(hat you mean by 'glory)-2.5
E -.7(,')-.65 G 2.5("A).7 G(lice said.)-2.5 E 1.459
(Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously)94.336 168 R 3.959(.")-.65 G 1.459
(Of course you don')-3.959 F 3.959(t-)-.18 G 3.959(-t)-3.959 G 1.459
(ill I tell you. I meant ')-3.959 F(there')-.18 E 3.958(san)-.55 G(ice)
-3.958 E(knock-do)94.336 180 Q(wn ar)-.25 E(gument for you!'")-.18 E
("But 'glory' doesn')94.336 198 Q 2.5(tm)-.18 G(ean 'a nice knock-do)
-2.5 E(wn ar)-.25 E(gument.)-.18 E('" Alice objected.)-.7 E("When)94.336
216 Q F1(I)3.509 E F0 1.009(use a w)3.509 F 1.01(ord," Humpty Dumpty sa\
id, in a rather scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to)-.1 F
(mean -- neither more nor less.")94.336 228 Q
(In this section is described the format of INTERCAL statements.)69.336
246 Q F1 2.5(4.1 Gener)69.336 264 R(al F)-.15 E(ormat)-1.05 E F0 .687(S\
tatements may be entered in 'free format'. That is, more than one state\
ment may occur on a single card,)69.336 282 R .032
(and a statement may be)69.336 294 R .032(gin on one card and end on a \
later one. Note that if this is done, all interv)-.15 F .033
(ening cards)-.15 F .909(and portions thereof must be part of the same \
statement. That this restriction is necessary is immediately)69.336 306
R(apparent from the follo)69.336 318 Q(wing e)-.25 E
(xample of what might occur if statements could be interlaced.)-.15 E
(DO .1 <- ".1\242'&:51~"#V)89.336 336 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M(1c!12~;&75SUB"V)2.4
I<ad>-6 -2.4 M('V)2.4 I(.1~)-1.29 E(DO .2 <- '"!1\242"&';V)89.336 348 Q
<ad>-6 -2.4 M(79SUB",&7SUB:173"'~!V)2.4 I<ad>-6 -2.4 M<39a2>2.4 I
(.2'\242,&1SUB:5~#33578"'"'"~'#65535\242"V)89.336 360 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M
('V#&85'"')2.4 I(#8196'"'~.1"\242.2'~'#&5\242"'#1279\242#4351'~#65535"')
89.336 372 Q(The abo)69.336 390 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.15 H(tatements are ob)
.15 E(viously meaningless. \(F)-.15 E(or that matter)-.15 E 2.5(,s)-.4 G
2.5(oa)-2.5 G(re the statements)-2.5 E(DO .1 <- ".1\242"&:51~"#V)89.336
408 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M(1\242!12~;&75SUB"V)2.4 I<ad>-6 -2.4 M('V)2.4 I(.1~)
-1.29 E(.2'\242,&1SUB:5~#333578"'"'"~#65535\242"V)89.336 420 Q<ad>-6
-2.4 M('V#&85'"')2.4 I(DO .2 <- '"!1\242"&';V)89.336 432 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M
(79SUB",&7SUB:173"'~!V)2.4 I<ad>-6 -2.4 M<39a2>2.4 I
(#8196'"'~.1"\242.2'~'#&5\242"'#1279\242#4351'~#65535"')89.336 444 Q -.2
(bu)69.336 462 S 2.5(tt).2 G(his is not of interest here.\))-2.5 E .652
(Spaces may be used freely to enhance program le)69.336 480 R .652
(gibility \(or at least reduce program ille)-.15 F .652
(gibility\), with the)-.15 F(restriction that no w)69.336 492 Q
(ord of a statement identi\214er \(see section \) may contain an)-.1 E
2.5(ys)-.15 G(paces.)-2.5 E F1 2.5(4.2 Labels)69.336 510 R F0 2.669(As)
69.336 528 S .169(tatement may be)-2.669 F .169(gin with a)-.15 F/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF .169(logical line label)2.669 F F0 .169(enclosed in w)
2.669 F(ax-w)-.1 E .169(ane pairs \(\(\)\). A statement may not ha)-.1 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G .605(more than one label, although it is possible to omit\
 the label entirely)69.336 540 R 3.105(.Al)-.65 G .605(ine label is an)
-3.105 F 3.105(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.105 E .605(ger from 1 to)-.15 F .76(655\
35, which must be unique within each program. The user is cautioned, ho)
69.336 552 R(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.559 -.4(r, t).15 H .759(hat man)
.4 F 3.259(yl)-.15 G .759(ine labels)-3.259 F(between 1000 and 1999 are\
 used in the INTERCAL System Library functions.)69.336 564 Q F1 2.5
(4.3 Identi\214er)69.336 582 R 2.5(sa)-.1 G(nd Quali\214er)-2.5 E(s)-.1
E F0 1.887(After the line label \(if an)69.336 600 R 1.887
(y\), must follo)-.15 F 4.387(wo)-.25 G 1.887(ne of the follo)-4.387 F
1.887(wing statement identi\214ers: DO, PLEASE, or)-.25 F .51
(PLEASE DO. These may be used interchangeably to impro)69.336 612 R .81
-.15(ve t)-.15 H .51(he aesthetics of the program. The identi\214er).15
F .116(is then follo)69.336 624 R .116(wed by either)-.25 F 2.616(,n)-.4
G(either)-2.616 E 2.616(,o)-.4 G 2.616(rb)-2.616 G .116
(oth of the follo)-2.616 F .117
(wing optional parameters \(quali\214ers\): \(1\) either of the)-.25 F
.255(character strings NO)69.336 636 R 2.755(To)-.4 G 2.755(rN)-2.755 G
('T)-2.755 E 2.755(,w)-.74 G .254(hich causes the statement to be autom\
atically abstained from \(see section \))-2.755 F .827(when e)69.336 648
R -.15(xe)-.15 G .827(cution be).15 F .827
(gins, and \(2\) a number between 0 and 100, preceded by a double-oh-se)
-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.328(n\().15 G .828(%\), which)-3.328 F .048
(causes the statement to ha)69.336 660 R .348 -.15(ve o)-.2 H .048
(nly the speci\214ed percent chance of being e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .047
(cuted each time it is encountered).15 F(in the course of e)69.336 672 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E F1 2.5(4.4 Statements)69.336 690 R F0 -.15
(Fo)69.336 708 S(llo).15 E 1.457(wing the quali\214ers \(or)-.25 F 3.957
(,i)-.4 G 3.957(fn)-3.957 G 1.457
(one are used, the identi\214er\) must occur one of the 14 v)-3.957 F
1.458(alid operations.)-.25 F
(\(Exception: see section .\) These are described indi)69.336 720 Q
(vidually in sections)-.25 E(through .)71.836 732 Q 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(4.4.1 Calculate)69.336 96 R F0 .21
(The INTERCAL equi)69.336 114 R -.25(va)-.25 G .21
(lent of the half-mesh \(=\) in FOR).25 F .209(TRAN, B)-.6 F .209
(ASIC, PL/I, and others, is represented by)-.35 F 1.345
(an angle \(<\) follo)69.336 126 R 1.345(wed by a w)-.25 F 1.345
(orm \(-\). This combination is read 'gets'. 32-bit v)-.1 F 1.346
(ariables may be assigned)-.25 F .126(16-bit v)69.336 138 R .126
(alues, which are padded on the left with 16 zero bits. 16-bit v)-.25 F
.125(ariables may be assigned 32-bit v)-.25 F(alues)-.25 E 1.113
(only if the v)69.336 150 R 1.113(alue is less than 65535. Thus, to in)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.113
(rt the least signi\214cant bit of the \214rst element of 16-bit).15 F
(2-dimensional array number 1, one could write:)69.336 162 Q
(,1SUB#1#1 <- 'V)69.336 180 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M
(",1SUB#1#1"\242#1'~'#0\242#65535')2.4 I .152
(Similarly to SNOBOL and SPITBOL, INTERCAL uses the angle-w)69.336 198 R
.152(orm to de\214ne the dimensions of arrays.)-.1 F .414(An e)69.336
210 R .414(xample will probably best describe the format.)-.15 F 2.014
-.8(To d)5.414 H .415
(e\214ne 32-bit array number 7 as 3-dimensional, the).8 F 1.079
(\214rst dimension being se)69.336 222 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.079
(n, the second being the current v).15 F 1.079(alue of 16-bit v)-.25 F
1.078(ariable number se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.078(n, and the).15 F
3.043(third being the current v)69.336 234 R 3.043(alue of the se)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.043(nth element of 16-bit array number se).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 5.543(n\().15 G 3.044(which is one-)-5.543 F .366
(dimensional\) mingled with the last three bits of 32-bit v)69.336 246 R
.366(ariable number se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, one w).15 F .366
(ould write \(just before)-.1 F(the)69.336 258 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ame to tak)-2.5 E 2.5(eh)-.1 G(im a)-2.5 E -.1(wa)-.15 G(y\):).1 E
(;7 <- #7 BY .7 BY ",7SUB#7"\242':7~#7')69.336 276 Q
(This is, of course, dif)69.336 294 Q(ferent from the statement:)-.25 E
(;7 <- #7 BY .7 BY ,7SUB"#7\242':7~#7'")69.336 312 Q .289(INTERCAL also\
 permits the rede\214ning of array dimensioning, which is done the same\
 w)69.336 330 R .29(ay as is the initial)-.1 F 2.724
(dimensioning. All v)69.336 342 R 2.723
(alues of items in an array are lost upon redimensioning, unless the)
-.25 F 5.223(yh)-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-5.223 H(been)5.423 E(ST)69.336
354 Q(ASHed \(see section \), in which case restoring them also restore\
s the old dimensions.)-.93 E F1 2.5(4.4.2 NEXT)69.336 372 R F0 .292(The\
 NEXT statement is used both for subroutine calls and for unconditional\
 transfers. This statement tak)69.336 390 R(es)-.1 E(the form:)69.336
402 Q(DO \(label\) NEXT)69.336 420 Q(\(or)69.336 438 Q 2.5(,o)-.4 G 2.5
(fc)-2.5 G(ourse,)-2.5 E(PLEASE DO \(label\) NEXT)69.336 456 Q 1.293
(etc.\), where \(label\) represents an)69.336 474 R 3.793(yl)-.15 G
1.292(ogical line label which appears in the program. The ef)-3.793 F
1.292(fect of such a)-.25 F .207(statement is to transfer control to th\
e statement speci\214ed, and to store in a push do)69.336 486 R .208
(wn list \(which is initially)-.25 F .709
(empty\) the location from which the transfer tak)69.336 498 R .708
(es place. Items may be remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.208(df).15 G .708
(rom this list and may be)-3.208 F .581
(discarded or used to return to the statement immediately follo)69.336
510 R .582(wing the NEXT statement. These operations)-.25 F
(are described in sections)69.336 522 Q(and)71.836 534 Q(respecti)71.836
546 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.775(.T)-.65 G .275
(he programmer is generally advised to discard an)-2.775 F 2.774(ys)-.15
G .274(tack entries which he does not intend to)-2.774 F .32
(utilize, since the stack has a maximum depth of 79 entries. A program')
69.336 558 R 2.821(sa)-.55 G .321(ttempting to initiate an 80th le)
-2.821 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l).15 E .056(of NEXT)69.336 570 R .056
(ing will result in the f)-.35 F .056(atal error message, "PR)-.1 F .055
(OGRAM HAS DISAPPEARED INT)-.4 F 2.555(OT)-.18 G .055(HE BLA)-2.555 F
(CK)-.4 E(LA)69.336 582 Q(GOON.")-.4 E F1 2.5(4.4.3 FORGET)69.336 600 R
F0 .867(The statement PLEASE FORGET e)69.336 618 R .867(xp, where e)-.15
F .867(xp represents an)-.15 F 3.367(ye)-.15 G .867(xpression \(e)-3.517
F .867(xcept colloquial and f)-.15 F(acial)-.1 E -.15(ex)69.336 630 S
.13(pressions\), causes the e).15 F .13(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .13(luated, and the speci\214ed number of entries to be remo)
.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.63(df).15 G(rom)-2.63 E 1.47(the NEXT)69.336 642
R 1.471(ing stack and discarded. An attempt to FORGET more le)-.35 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.471(ls of NEXT).15 F 1.471(ing than are currently)-.35
F(stack)69.336 654 Q .058(ed will cause the stack to be emptied, and no\
 error condition is indicated. This is because the condition)-.1 F .396
(is not considered to be an error)69.336 666 R 2.896(.A)-.55 G 2.896(sd)
-2.896 G .397
(escribed in section , it is good programming practice to e)-2.896 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .397(cute a DO).15 F 1.517
(FORGET #1 after using a NEXT statement as an unconditional transfer)
69.336 678 R 4.017(,s)-.4 G 4.017(ot)-4.017 G 1.517
(hat the stack does not get)-4.017 F(cluttered up with unused entries:)
69.336 690 Q 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G 6.665 -.554
(DO \()122.387 96 T -3.331 1.666(123 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G(.)
124.747 108 Q(.)124.747 120 Q 2.501(\(1)84.336 132 S -3.331 1.666(23 \))
-.835 H 5.55 -.554(DO F)6.391 H -1.941 -.279(ORG E).83 H 7.777(T#).835 G
(1)-6.111 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(4.4.4 RESUME)69.336 156 R F0
1.445(The statement PLEASE RESUME e)69.336 174 R 1.445
(xp has the same ef)-.15 F 1.445(fect as FORGET)-.25 F 3.946(,e)-.74 G
1.446(xcept that program control is)-4.096 F 1.431
(returned to the statement immediately follo)69.336 186 R 1.431
(wing the NEXT statement which stored in the stack the last)-.25 F .152
(entry to be remo)69.336 198 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .153
(d. Note that a rough equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .153(lent of the FOR).25
F .153(TRAN computed GO T)-.6 F 2.653(Oa)-.18 G .153(nd B)-2.653 F .153
(ASIC ON e)-.35 F(xp)-.15 E(GO T)69.336 210 Q 2.5(Oi)-.18 G 2.5(sp)-2.5
G(erformed by a sequence of the form:)-2.5 E 6.665 -.554(DO \()122.387
228 T .555 2.501(1\) N)3.055 H .001(EXT)-2.5 G(.)124.747 240 Q(.)124.747
252 Q .555 2.501(\(1\) D)97.668 264 T 8.057(O\()-3.055 G .555 2.501
(2\) N)-5.556 H .001(EXT)-2.5 G .831(PL)123.217 276 S -2.226 .001(EA S)
-.275 H 7.497(EF).83 G -1.941 -.279(ORG E)-7.221 H 7.777(T#).835 G(1)
-6.111 E(.)124.747 288 Q(.)124.747 300 Q .555 2.501(\(2\) D)97.668 312 T
6.387(OR)-3.055 G .831(ES)-6.111 G -.556 -1.389(UM E)-.555 H 2.916(.1)
10.416 G(Unlik)69.336 330 Q 3.663(et)-.1 G 1.163
(he FORGET statement, an attempt to RESUME more le)-3.663 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 1.163(ls of NEXT).15 F 1.162(ing than has been stack)-.35 F(ed)-.1 E
(will cause program termination. See also section .)69.336 342 Q F1 2.5
(4.4.5 ST)69.336 360 R(ASH)-.5 E F0 .081(Since subroutines are not e)
69.336 378 R .082
(xplicitly implemented in INTERCAL, the NEXT and RESUME statements must)
-.15 F .527(be used to e)69.336 390 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .527
(cute common routines. Ho).15 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.327 -.4(r, a)
.15 H 3.027(st).4 G .526(hese routines might use the same v)-3.027 F
.526(ariables as the main)-.25 F 1.481
(program, it is necessary for them to sa)69.336 402 R 1.782 -.15(ve t)
-.2 H 1.482(he v).15 F 1.482(alues of an)-.25 F 3.982(yv)-.15 G 1.482
(ariables whose v)-4.232 F 1.482(alues the)-.25 F 3.982(ya)-.15 G(lter)
-3.982 E 3.982(,a)-.4 G 1.482(nd later)-3.982 F 1.545
(restore them. This process is simpli\214ed by the ST)69.336 414 R 1.544
(ASH statement, which has the form DO ST)-.93 F 1.544(ASH list,)-.93 F
(where list represents a string of one or more v)69.336 426 Q
(ariable or array names, separated by intersections \(+\). Thus)-.25 E
(PLEASE ST)69.336 444 Q(ASH .123+:123+,123)-.93 E .911(stashes the v)
69.336 462 R .911(alues of tw)-.25 F 3.411(ov)-.1 G .911
(ariables and one entire array)-3.661 F 3.411(.T)-.65 G .911(he v)-3.411
F .911(alues are left intact, and copies thereof are)-.25 F(sa)69.336
474 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.323(df).15 G 1.823(or later retrie)-4.323 F -.25
(va)-.25 G 4.323(lb).25 G 4.323(y\()-4.323 G 1.823(what else?\))-4.323 F
1.822(the RETRIEVE statement \(see section \). It is not possible to)
6.822 F(ST)69.336 486 Q(ASH single array items.)-.93 E F1 2.5
(4.4.6 RETRIEVE)69.336 504 R F0 .304
(PLEASE RETRIEVE list restores the pre)69.336 522 R .305(viously ST)-.25
F .305(ASHed v)-.93 F .305(alues of the v)-.25 F .305
(ariables and arrays named in the)-.25 F .149(list. If a v)69.336 534 R
.149(alue has been stashed more than once, the most recently ST)-.25 F
.149(ASHed v)-.93 F .149(alues are RETRIEVEd, and a)-.25 F 1.744
(second RETRIEVE will restore the second most recent v)69.336 546 R
1.744(alues ST)-.25 F 1.744(ASHed. Attempting to RETRIEVE a)-.93 F -.25
(va)69.336 558 S 3.227(lue which has not been ST).25 F 3.226
(ASHed will result in the error message, "THR)-.93 F 3.926 -.35(OW S)-.4
H 3.226(TICK BEFORE).35 F(RETRIEVING.")69.336 570 Q F1 2.5(4.4.7 IGNORE)
69.336 588 R F0 .88
(The statement DO IGNORE list causes all subsequent statements to ha)
69.336 606 R 1.18 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.38(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.38 G .88
(ect upon v).25 F .88(ariables and/or)-.25 F
(arrays named in the list. Thus, for e)69.336 618 Q
(xample, after the sequence)-.15 E(DO .1 <- #1)89.336 636 Q
(PLEASE IGNORE .1)89.336 648 Q(DO .1 <- #0)89.336 660 Q .367(16-bit v)
69.336 678 R .367(ariable number 1 w)-.25 F .367(ould ha)-.1 F .667 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H .367(he v).15 F .366
(alue 1, not 0. Inputting \(see section \) into an IGNOREd v)-.25 F
(ariable)-.25 E .168(also has no ef)69.336 690 R .168(fect. The conditi\
on is annulled via the REMEMBER statement \(see section \). Note that, \
when)-.25 F 3.045(av)69.336 702 S .544(ariable is being IGNOREd, its v)
-3.295 F .544(alue, though immutable, is still a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G
.544(ilable for use in e).25 F .544(xpressions and the)-.15 F(lik)69.336
714 Q(e.)-.1 E 1.188(Though the INTERCAL-72 manual laid do)69.336 732 R
1.188(wn that the v)-.25 F 1.188(alue of an IGNOREd v)-.25 F 1.188
(ariable cannot change, it)-.25 F 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G -.1(wa)69.336
96 S 2.549(su).1 G .048(nclear about whether or not a statement which a\
ppears to change an IGNOREd v)-2.549 F .048(ariable is e)-.25 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .048(cuted or).15 F .061
(not. This may appear to be a "If a tree f)69.336 108 R .062
(alls in the forest ..." type of question, b)-.1 F .062
(ut if the statement in question)-.2 F(has other side ef)69.336 120 Q
(fects it is not.)-.25 E 1.834(Since another mechanism already e)69.336
138 R 1.834(xists for ABST)-.15 F 1.833
(AINing from a statement, C-INTERCAL)-.93 F 2.933 -.55('s I)-.92 H
(GNORE).55 E .357(only pre)69.336 150 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .357
(nts the changing of the speci\214c v).15 F .357
(ariable in question, not the e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .357
(cution of the entire statement. In).15 F .515(the present v)69.336 162
R .515(ersion of the language this only mak)-.15 F .515(es a dif)-.1 F
.515(ference for the WRITE IN \(see \) and RETRIEVE)-.25 F .484
(\(see \) statements. Attempting to WRITE IN to an IGNOREd v)69.336 174
R .485(ariable will cause a number to be read from)-.25 F 1.835
(the input, which will be discarded since it cannot be stored in the v)
69.336 186 R 4.334(ariable. Using)-.25 F 1.834(RETRIEVE on an)4.334 F
(IGNOREd v)69.336 198 Q(ariable will pop the v)-.25 E(ariable')-.25 E
2.5(ss)-.55 G(tash stack without actually changing its v)-2.5 E(alue.)
-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(4.4.8 REMEMBER)69.336 216 R F0 .818
(PLEASE REMEMBER list terminates the ef)69.336 234 R .818
(fect of the IGNORE statement for all v)-.25 F .818
(ariables and/or arrays)-.25 F .041
(named in the list. It does not matter if a v)69.336 246 R .041
(ariable has been IGNOREd more than once, nor is it an error if the)-.25
F -.25(va)69.336 258 S(riable has not been IGNOREd at all.).25 E F1 2.5
(4.4.9 ABST)69.336 276 R(AIN)-.5 E F0 .896
(INTERCAL contains no simple equi)69.336 294 R -.25(va)-.25 G .896
(lent to an IF statement or computed GO T).25 F .897(O, making it dif)
-.18 F .897(\214cult to)-.25 F .603(combine similar sections of code in\
to a single routine which occasionally skips around certain statements.)
69.336 306 R .28
(The IGNORE statement \(see section \) is helpful in some cases, b)
69.336 318 R .281(ut a more viable method is often required.)-.2 F .604
(In k)69.336 330 R .604(eeping with the goal of INTERCAL ha)-.1 F .603
(ving nothing in common with an)-.2 F 3.103(yo)-.15 G .603
(ther language, this is made)-3.103 F(possible via the ABST)69.336 342 Q
(AIN statement.)-.93 E .524(This statement tak)69.336 360 R .524
(es on one of tw)-.1 F 3.024(of)-.1 G .524(orms. It may not tak)-3.024 F
3.024(eo)-.1 G 3.024(nb)-3.024 G .524(oth at an)-3.024 F 3.024(yo)-.15 G
.524(ne time. DO ABST)-3.024 F .524(AIN FR)-.93 F(OM)-.4 E 1.051(\(labe\
l\) causes the statement whose logical line label is \(label\) to be ab\
stained from. PLEASE ABST)69.336 372 R(AIN)-.93 E(FR)69.336 384 Q(OM ge\
rund list causes all statements of the speci\214ed type\(s\) to be abst\
ained from, as in)-.4 E(PLEASE ABST)112.536 402 Q(AIN FR)-.93 E(OM ST)
-.4 E(ASHING)-.93 E(PLEASE ABST)112.536 414 Q(AIN FR)-.93 E
(OM IGNORING + FORGETTING)-.4 E(PLEASE ABST)112.536 426 Q(AIN FR)-.93 E
(OM NEXTING)-.4 E 10.77(or PLEASE)90.936 438 R(ABST)2.5 E(AIN FR)-.93 E
(OM CALCULA)-.4 E(TING)-1.11 E 2.534
(Statements may also be automatically abstained from at the start of e)
69.336 456 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.534(cution via the NO).15 F 5.034(To)-.4 G
5.034(rN)-5.034 G('T)-5.034 E(parameter \(see section \).)69.336 468 Q
.765(If, in the course of e)69.336 486 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .764(cution, a \
statement is encountered which is being abstained from, it is ignored a\
nd).15 F(control passes to the ne)69.336 498 Q(xt statement in the prog\
ram \(unless it, too, is being abstained from\).)-.15 E 2.802
(The statement DO ABST)69.336 516 R 2.802(AIN FR)-.93 F 2.802(OM ABST)
-.4 F 2.802(AINING is perfectly v)-.93 F 2.803(alid, as is DO ABST)-.25
F 2.803(AIN FR)-.93 F(OM)-.4 E(REINST)69.336 528 Q -1.11(AT)-.93 G .692
(ING \(although this latter is not usually recommended\). Ho)1.11 F(we)
-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.491 -.4(r, t).15 H .691(he statement DO ABST).4
F(AIN)-.93 E(FR)69.336 540 Q(OM GIVING UP is not accepted, e)-.4 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nt).15 G(hough DON'T GIVE UP is.)-2.5 E F1 2.5
(4.4.10 REINST)69.336 558 R -.37(AT)-.5 G(E).37 E F0 .069(The REINST)
69.336 576 R -1.11(AT)-.93 G 2.569(Es)1.11 G .069(tatement, lik)-2.569 F
2.569(et)-.1 G .069(he ABST)-2.569 F .069(AIN, tak)-.93 F .069
(es as an ar)-.1 F .07(gument either a line label or a gerund list. No)
-.18 F(other form of ar)69.336 588 Q(gument is permitted. F)-.18 E(or e)
-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing is an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid ar).25 E(gument:)-.18 E(Gi)89.336 606 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n: x).15 E
/F2 10/Symbol SF<b9>A F0(0, y)A F2<b9>A F0 2.5(0, Pro)B -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.5(:x).15 G(+y=0)-2.5 E(Since x)89.336 618 Q F2<b9>A F0(0, then x+1)A
F2<b9>A F0(1, x+a)A F2<b9>A F0(a, x+y)A F2<b9>A F0 -.65(y.)C
(But what is y? y is an)89.336 630 Q(ything b)-.15 E(ut 0.)-.2 E
(Thus x+y)89.336 642 Q F2<b9>2.5 E F0(an)2.5 E(ything b)-.15 E(ut 0.)-.2
E(Since x+y cannot equal an)89.336 654 Q(ything b)-.15 E(ut 0, x+y=0.)
-.2 E(Q.E.D.)211.836 666 Q(REINST)69.336 684 Q -1.11(AT)-.93 G 1.31
(Ement nulli\214es the ef)1.11 F 1.309
(fects of an abstention. Either form of REINST)-.25 F -1.11(AT)-.93 G
1.309(Ement can be used to)1.11 F 1.323("free" a statement, re)69.336
696 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.323(rdless of whether the statement w).05 F 1.323
(as abstained from by gerund list, line label, or)-.1 F(NO)69.336 708 Q
1.522 -.74(T. T)-.4 H .042(hus, PLEASE REINST).74 F -1.11(AT)-.93 G
2.542(ER)1.11 G(EINST)-2.542 E -1.11(AT)-.93 G .042
(ING is not necessarily an irrele)1.11 F -.25(va)-.25 G .041
(nt statement, since it might).25 F 2.121(free a DON'T REINST)69.336 720
R -1.11(AT)-.93 G 4.621(Ec)1.11 G 2.121(ommand or a REINST)-4.621 F
-1.11(AT)-.93 G 4.621(Et)1.11 G 2.122(he line label of which w)-4.621 F
2.122(as abstained from.)-.1 F(Ho)69.336 732 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
1.558 -.4(r, D).15 H 3.258(OR).4 G(EINST)-3.258 E -1.11(AT)-.93 G 3.258
(EG)1.11 G .758(IVING UP is in)-3.258 F -.25(va)-.4 G .758
(lid, and attempting to REINST).25 F -1.11(AT)-.93 G 3.258(EaG)1.11 G
.757(IVE UP statement)-3.258 F 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G .101
(by line label will ha)69.336 96 R .401 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.601(oe).15 G
-.25(ff)-2.601 G .101
(ect. Note that this insures that DON'T GIVE UP will al).25 F -.1(wa)-.1
G .101(ys be a "do-nothing").1 F(statement.)69.336 108 Q/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(4.4.11 GIVE)69.336 126 R(UP)2.5 E F0 .554
(PLEASE GIVE UP is used to e)69.336 144 R .553
(xit from a program. It has the ef)-.15 F .553
(fect of a PLEASE RESUME #80. DON'T)-.25 F(GIVE UP)69.336 156 Q 2.5(,a)
-1.11 G 2.5(sn)-2.5 G(oted in section , is ef)-2.5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly a null statement.).15 E F1 2.5(4.4.12 Input)69.336 174 R
F0 1.307(Input is accomplished with the statement DO WRITE IN list, whe\
re list represents a string of v)69.336 192 R(ariables)-.25 E .364(and/\
or elements of arrays, separated by intersections. Numbers are represen\
ted on cards, each number on a)69.336 204 R .639(separate card, by spel\
ling out each digit \(in English\) and separating the digits with one o\
r more spaces. A)69.336 216 R .16
(zero \(0\) may be spelled as either ZER)69.336 228 R 2.66(Oo)-.4 G 2.66
(rO)-2.66 G 2.66(H. Thus)-2.66 F .16(the range of \(32-bit\) input v)
2.66 F .16(alues permissible e)-.25 F(xtends)-.15 E .696(from ZER)69.336
240 R 3.196(O\()-.4 G .697(or OH\) through FOUR TW)-3.196 F 3.197(ON)-.1
G .697(INE FOUR NINE SIX SEVEN TW)-3.197 F 3.197(ON)-.1 G .697
(INE FIVE.)-3.197 F(\(F)5.697 E .697(or the)-.15 F(con)69.336 252 Q -.15
(ve)-.4 G 3.787(nience of a).15 F 3.787(viators, C-INTERCAL accepts the\
 spelling NINER for NINE. In the service of)-.2 F 3.343(internationaliz\
ation, C-INTERCAL also accepts input digits in Sanskrit, Basque, T)
69.336 264 R(ag)-.8 E 3.343(alog, Classical)-.05 F(Nahuatl, Geor)69.336
276 Q(gian, Kw)-.18 E(akiutl, and V)-.1 E(olapuk.\))-1.29 E .706
(Attempting to write in a v)69.336 294 R .705
(alue greater than or equal to SIX FIVE FIVE THREE SIX for a 16-bit v)
-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E
(will result in the error message, "DON'T BYTE OFF MORE THAN Y)69.336
306 Q(OU CAN CHEW)-.3 E(.")-.92 E(\(See also section)69.336 324 Q
(for a description of C-INTERCAL)71.836 336 Q 1.1 -.55('s c)-.92 H
(haracter I/O.\)).55 E F1 2.5(4.4.13 Output)69.336 354 R F0 -1.11(Va)
69.336 372 S .756(lues may be output to the printer)1.11 F 3.257(,o)-.4
G .757(ne v)-3.257 F .757
(alue per line, via the statement DO READ OUT list, where the)-.25 F
2.251(list contains v)69.336 384 R 2.251
(ariables, array elements, and/or constants.)-.25 F 2.251
(Output is in the form of "e)7.251 F 2.25(xtended" Roman)-.15 F 1.6
(numerals \(also called "b)69.336 396 R 1.601
(utchered" Roman numerals\), with an o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.601
(rline \().15 F .4 LW 373.011 388.5 368.011 388.5 DL 4.101(\)i)373.011
396 S 1.601(ndicating the v)-4.101 F 1.601(alue belo)-.25 F 4.101(wi)
-.25 G(s)-4.101 E .747("times 1000", and lo)69.336 408 R(wer)-.25 E .747
(-case letters indicating "times 1000000". Zero is indicated by an o)-.2
F -.15(ve)-.15 G .746(rline with no).15 F 5.712
(character underneath. Thus, the range of \(32-bit\) output v)69.336 420
R 5.713(alues possible is from)-.25 F 462.013 412.5 457.013 412.5 DL
(through)470.226 420 Q(i)70.446 432 Q 74.336 424.5 69.336 424.5 DL(v)
74.336 432 Q 79.336 424.5 74.336 424.5 DL(ccxci)79.336 432 Q(vC)-.25 E
111.021 424.5 106.021 424.5 DL(M)111.856 432 Q 118.801 424.5 113.801
424.5 DL(L)120.746 432 Q 126.301 424.5 121.301 424.5 DL(X)126.856 432 Q
132.966 424.5 127.966 424.5 DL(V)134.076 432 Q 140.186 424.5 135.186
424.5 DL(I)142.131 432 Q 146.296 424.5 141.296 424.5 DL(I)147.131 432 Q
151.296 424.5 146.296 424.5 DL(CCXCV)151.296 432 Q 5.904(.N)-1.29 G .904
(ote: F)-5.904 F .904(or v)-.15 F .904
(alues whose residues modulo 1000000 are less than 4000, M is)-.25 F
.046(used to represent 1000; for v)69.336 444 R .047
(alues whose residues are 4000 or greater)-.25 F 3.382(,I)-.4 G 356.117
436.5 351.117 436.5 DL .047(is used. Thus #3999 w)358.664 444 R .047
(ould read out)-.1 F 1.463(as MMMCMXCIX)69.336 456 R/F2 7/Times-Roman@0
SF(3)3.963 -4 M F0 1.463(while #4000 w)3.963 4 N 1.463(ould readout as)
-.1 F(I)4.798 E 294.98 448.5 289.98 448.5 DL(V)294.98 456 Q 301.09 448.5
296.09 448.5 DL 6.463(.S)302.2 456 S 1.463
(imilar rules apply to the use of M)-6.463 F 458.619 448.5 453.619 448.5
DL 1.464(and i for)464.528 456 R(1000000, and to that of m and)69.336
468 Q(i)3.61 E 197.106 460.5 192.106 460.5 DL(for 1000000000.)199.606
468 Q(\(See also section)69.336 486 Q(for a description of C-INTERCAL)
71.836 498 Q 1.1 -.55('s c)-.92 H(haracter I/O.\)).55 E F1 2.5
(4.4.14 COME)69.336 516 R(FR)2.5 E(OM)-.4 E F0 .269
(In which we try to precisely de\214ne a statement that should ne)69.336
534 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.768(rh).15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.768 H .268
(been born, b)2.968 F .268(ut is ne)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .268
(rtheless one of).15 F(the more useful statements in INTERCAL.)69.336
546 Q F1 2.5(4.4.14.1 Bac)69.336 564 R(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.625
(The earliest kno)69.336 582 R 1.625(wn description of the COME FR)-.25
F 1.626(OM statement in the computing literature is in [R. L.)-.4 F
1.068(Clark, "A linguistic contrib)69.336 594 R 1.068(ution to GO)-.2 F
-.18(TO)-.4 G 1.067(-less programming," Commun. A).18 F 1.067
(CM 27 \(1984\), pp. 349-350],)-.4 F .615(part of the f)69.336 606 R
.616(amous April F)-.1 F .616(ools issue of CA)-.15 F .616
(CM. The subsequent rush by language designers to include the)-.4 F .183
(statement in their languages w)69.336 618 R .182
(as underwhelming, one might e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.682(ns).15 G .182
(ay none)-2.682 F 2.682(xistent. It)-.15 F -.1(wa)2.682 G 2.682(st).1 G
.182(herefore decided)-2.682 F(that COME FR)69.336 630 Q(OM w)-.4 E
(ould be an appropriate addition to C-INTERCAL.)-.1 E F1 2.5
(4.4.14.2 Description)69.336 648 R F0 .168(There are tw)69.336 666 R
2.669(ou)-.1 G .169(seful w)-2.669 F .169
(ays to visualize the action of the COME FR)-.1 F .169
(OM statement. The simpler is to see that)-.4 F(it acts lik)69.336 678 Q
2.5(eaG)-.1 G -1.88 -.4(OT O)-2.5 H(when the program is traced backw)2.9
E(ards in time. More precisely)-.1 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he statements)-2.5 E
.32 LW 73.336 716 69.336 716 DL 77.336 716 73.336 716 DL 81.336 716
77.336 716 DL 85.336 716 81.336 716 DL 89.336 716 85.336 716 DL 93.336
716 89.336 716 DL 97.336 716 93.336 716 DL 101.336 716 97.336 716 DL
105.336 716 101.336 716 DL 109.336 716 105.336 716 DL 113.336 716
109.336 716 DL 117.336 716 113.336 716 DL 121.336 716 117.336 716 DL
125.336 716 121.336 716 DL 129.336 716 125.336 716 DL 133.336 716
129.336 716 DL 137.336 716 133.336 716 DL 141.336 716 137.336 716 DL
145.336 716 141.336 716 DL 149.336 716 145.336 716 DL/F3 8/Times-Roman@0
SF(3.)69.336 733 Q .948(The original INTERCAL-72 manual claimed that #3\
999 should render as MMMIM, b)90.595 733 R .948(ut the C-INTERCAL de)
-.16 F -.12(ve)-.2 G .948(lopers ha).12 F -.12(ve)-.16 G(been unable to\
 \214nd an algorithm that does this and is consistent with the rest of \
the rules.)90.595 744 Q 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G 10(\(1\) DO)
69.336 96 R(<an)2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tatement>)-2.5 E(.)89.336 108 Q(.)
89.336 120 Q(.)89.336 132 Q 10(\(2\) DO)69.336 144 R(COME FR)2.5 E
(OM \(1\))-.4 E(should be thought of as being equi)69.336 162 Q -.25(va)
-.25 G(lent to).25 E 10(\(1\) DO)69.336 180 R(<an)2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(tatement>)-2.5 E 10(\(2\) DO)69.336 192 R(GO)2.5 E .36 -.18(TO \()-.4 H
(3\)).18 E(.)89.336 204 Q(.)89.336 216 Q(.)89.336 228 Q 10(\(3\) DO)
69.336 240 R(NO)2.5 E(THING)-.4 E(if INTERCAL actually had a GO)69.336
258 Q .36 -.18(TO s)-.4 H(tatement at all, which of course it doesn').18
E(t.)-.18 E .282(What this boils do)69.336 276 R .282
(wn to is that the statement DO COME FR)-.25 F .282(OM \(label\), an)-.4
F .281(ywhere in the program, places a)-.15 F .469(kind of in)69.336 288
R .469(visible trap door immediately after statement \(label\). Ex)-.4 F
.47(ecution or abstention of that statement is)-.15 F .512
(immediately follo)69.336 300 R .512
(wed by an unconditional jump to the COME FR)-.25 F .511
(OM, unless the \(label\)ed statement is an)-.4 F -.15(exe)69.336 312 S
.868(cuted NEXT).15 F 3.368(,i)-.74 G 3.368(nw)-3.368 G .869(hich case \
the jump occurs if the program attempts to RESUME back to that NEXT)
-3.368 F(statement. It is an error for more than one COME FR)69.336 324
Q(OM to refer to the same \(label\).)-.4 E .397
(Modi\214cation of the tar)69.336 342 R .397(get statement by ABST)-.18
F .396(AIN or by the % quali\214er af)-.93 F .396
(fects only that statement, not the)-.25 F 4.196
(subsequent jump. Such modi\214cations to the COME FR)69.336 354 R 4.196
(OM itself, ho)-.4 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.996 -.4(r, d).15 H 6.696
(oa).4 G -.25(ff)-6.696 G 4.197(ect the jump.).25 F
(Encountering the COME FR)69.336 366 Q
(OM statement itself, rather than its tar)-.4 E(get, has no ef)-.18 E
(fect.)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(4.5 Comments)69.336 384 R F0
.122(Unrecognizable statements, as noted in section , are \215agged wit\
h a splat \(*\) during compilation, and are not)69.336 402 R .509
(considered f)69.336 414 R .509(atal errors unless the)-.1 F 3.009(ya)
-.15 G .509(re encountered during e)-3.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .51
(cution, at which time the statement \(as input).15 F .012
(at compilation time\) is printed and e)69.336 426 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .012
(cution is terminated. This allo).15 F .012
(ws for an interesting \(and, by necessity)-.25 F(,)-.65 E
(unique\) means of including comments in an INTERCAL listing. F)69.336
438 Q(or e)-.15 E(xample, the statement:)-.15 E 17.5(*P)69.336 462 S
(LEASE NO)-17.5 E(TE THA)-.4 E 2.5(TT)-1.11 G(HIS LINE HAS NO EFFECT)
-2.5 E .771(will be ignored during e)69.336 480 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .771
(cution due to the inclusion of the NO).15 F 3.272(Tq)-.4 G(uali\214er)
-3.272 E 5.772(.U)-.55 G(ser)-5.772 E .772(-supplied error messages)-.2
F(are also easy to implement:)69.336 492 Q 17.5(*D)69.336 516 S 2.5(OS)
-17.5 G(OMETHING ABOUT O)-2.5 E(VERFLO)-.5 E 2.5(WI)-.35 G 2.5(N;)-2.5 G
(3)-2.5 E(as are certain simple conditional errors:)69.336 534 Q 9.167
(*\()70.169 552 S -3.331 1.666(123 \))-6.666 H -.001 -.554(DON ')6.391 H
6.667(TY)2.5 G 4.995 -.554(OU R)-7.521 H -.556 .001(EAL I Z).83 H 7.222
(ET).555 G -3.061 1.391(HI S)-7.221 H .831(ST)6.381 G .274 -1.109(AT E)
-1.76 H -.831 -.834(ME N T).275 H .276(SH)8.331 G -1.391 -.554(OU L D)
-.83 H -1.391 -.554(ON L)6.666 H 6.387(YB)-.445 G 7.222(EE)-6.111 G
-.279(NCO)-7.221 G -1.391 -.554(UN T)-.275 H .276(ERE)1.11 G(D)-.275 E
-1.671 -.554(ON C)175.715 564 T 1.391(E?).83 G .831(PL)123.217 576 S
-2.226 .001(EA S)-.275 H 6.942(ER).83 G 1.946(EI)-6.666 G -2.221 .276
(NS T)-.555 H .274 -1.109(AT E)-1.205 H 2.501(\(1)9.721 G -3.331 1.666
(23 \))-.835 H 2.146(This pair of statements will cause an error e)
69.336 594 R 2.146(xit the second time the)-.15 F 4.645(ya)-.15 G 2.145
(re encountered. Caution!! The)-4.645 F 1.9(appearance of a statement i\
denti\214er in an intended comment will be tak)69.336 606 R 1.9
(en as the be)-.1 F 1.9(ginning of a ne)-.15 F(w)-.25 E
(statement. Thus, the \214rst comment e)69.336 618 Q(xample abo)-.15 E
.3 -.15(ve c)-.15 H(ould not ha).15 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een:).15 E 17.5
(*P)69.336 642 S(LEASE NO)-17.5 E(TE THA)-.4 E 2.5(TT)-1.11 G
(HIS LINE DOES NO)-2.5 E(THING)-.4 E .337(The third e)69.336 660 R .337
(xample, ho)-.15 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.137 -.4(r, i).15 H 2.837
(sv).4 G .337(alid, despite the appearance of tw)-3.087 F 2.836(oc)-.1 G
.336(ases of D-space-O, since INTERCAL)-2.836 F(does not ignore e)69.336
672 Q(xtraneous spaces in statement identi\214ers.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)274.506 48 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(5. OUTSIDE)69.336 96 R(COMMUNICA)2.5 E(TION)-.37
E F0 1.387(She puzzled o)94.336 132 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.887(rt).15 G
1.388(his for some time, b)-3.887 F 1.388
(ut at last a bright thought struck her)-.2 F 3.888(.")-.55 G(Wh)-3.888
E 2.688 -.65(y, i)-.05 H(t').65 E 3.888(saL)-.55 G(ooking-glass)-3.888 E
(book, of course! And, if I hold it up to a glass, the w)94.336 144 Q
(ords will all go the right w)-.1 E(ay ag)-.1 E(ain.")-.05 E 1.685
(In which we try to remedy the f)69.336 162 R 1.685
(act that, due to I/O limitations, INTERCAL can not e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 4.185(ni).15 G 4.185(np)-4.185 G(rinciple)-4.185 E .839(perform the s\
ame tasks as other languages. It is hoped that this addition will permi\
t INTERCAL users to)69.336 174 R -.1(wa)69.336 186 S(ste v).1 E
(ast quantities of computer time well into the 21st century)-.25 E(.)
-.65 E F1 2.5(5.1 Motivation)69.336 204 R F0 2.678
(One of the goals of INTERCAL w)69.336 222 R 2.678(as to pro)-.1 F 2.678
(vide a language which, though dif)-.15 F 2.678(ferent from all other)
-.25 F .646(languages, is ne)69.336 234 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .647
(rtheless theoretically capable of all the same tasks. INTERCAL-72 f).15
F .647(ailed to accomplish)-.1 F 1.492(this because its I/O functions c\
ould not handle arbitrary streams of bits, or e)69.336 246 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.992(na).15 G 1.491(rbitrary sequences of)-3.992 F 1.071
(characters. A language which can')69.336 258 R 3.572(te)-.18 G -.15(ve)
-3.822 G 3.572(ns).15 G 1.072
(end its input directly to its output can hardly be considered as)-3.572
F(capable as other languages.)69.336 270 Q F1 2.5(5.2 T)69.336 288 R
(uring T)-.55 E -.2(ex)-.92 G 2.5(tM).2 G(odel)-2.5 E F0 3.562 -.8(To r)
69.336 306 T 1.962(emedy this problem, character I/O is no).8 F 4.462
(wp)-.25 G(ro)-4.462 E 1.962(vided in a form based on the "T)-.15 F
1.961(uring T)-.45 F -.15(ex)-.7 G 1.961(t" model,).15 F .905
(originally proposed by Jon Blo)69.336 318 R 2.206 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .906
(he C-INTERCAL programmer can access this capability by placing a).65 F
.293(one-dimensional array in the list of items gi)69.336 330 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.792(nt).15 G 2.792(oaW)-2.792 G .292
(RITE IN or READ OUT statement. On e)-2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292
(cution of).15 F .23(the statement, the elements of the array will, fro\
m \214rst to last, be either loaded from the input or sent to the)69.336
342 R 1.794(output, as appropriate, in the manner described belo)69.336
354 R 3.093 -.65(w. T)-.25 H 1.793
(here is currently no support for I/O in).65 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lving).2 E
(higher)69.336 366 Q(-dimensional arrays, b)-.2 E
(ut some form of graphics might be a possible 2-D interpretation.)-.2 E
1.188(The heart of the T)69.336 384 R 1.188(uring T)-.45 F -.15(ex)-.7 G
3.688(tm).15 G 1.188
(odel is the idea of a continuous loop of tape containing, in order)
-3.688 F 3.688(,a)-.4 G 1.188(ll the)-3.688 F 1.407
(characters in the machine')69.336 396 R 3.907(sc)-.55 G 1.407
(haracter set. When a character is recei)-3.907 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.906
(db).15 G 3.906(yt)-3.906 G 1.406(he input routine, the tape is)-3.906 F
(adv)69.336 408 Q .597(anced the appropriate number of spaces to bring \
that character under the tape head, and the number of)-.25 F .22
(spaces the tape w)69.336 420 R .22(as mo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.72(di)
.15 G 2.72(st)-2.72 G .22
(he number that is actually seen by the INTERCAL program. Another w)
-2.72 F .22(ay to)-.1 F 1.658
(say this is that the number placed in an INTERCAL array is the dif)
69.336 432 R 1.658(ference between the character just)-.25 F(recei)
69.336 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(da).15 G(nd the pre)-2.5 E
(vious character)-.25 E 2.5(,m)-.4 G
(odulo the number of characters in the machine character set.)-2.5 E
.338(Output w)69.336 462 R .338(orks in just the opposite f)-.1 F .338
(ashion, e)-.1 F .337
(xcept that the characters being output come from the other side)-.15 F
.355(of the tape. From this position the characters on the tape appear \
to be in re)69.336 474 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .356(rse order).15 F 2.856(,a)
-.4 G .356(nd are indi)-2.856 F(vidually)-.25 E(backw)69.336 486 Q .18
(ards as well. \(W)-.1 F 2.68(ew)-.8 G .18(ould sho)-2.78 F 2.68(wy)-.25
G .18(ou what it looks lik)-2.68 F .18(e, b)-.1 F .18(ut we don')-.2 F
2.68(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.68 H 2.68(af)2.88 G .18(ont with backw)
-2.68 F .18(ards letters)-.1 F -.2(av)69.336 498 S 4.908(ailable. Use)
-.05 F 2.408(your imagination.\) The ef)4.908 F 2.408
(fect is that a number is tak)-.25 F 2.408(en out of an INTERCAL array)
-.1 F(,)-.65 E .766(subtracted from the last character output -- i.e., \
the result of the last subtraction -- and then sent on do)69.336 510 R
(wn)-.25 E .636(the output channel. The only catch is that the characte\
r as seen by the INTERCAL program is the mirror)69.336 522 R(-)-.2 E
.404(image of the character as seen by the machine and the user)69.336
534 R 2.903(.T)-.55 G .403(he bits of the character are therefore tak)
-2.903 F .403(en in)-.1 F(re)69.336 546 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.073
(rse order as it is sent to the output.).15 F 1.074
(Note that this bit re)6.073 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.074(rsal af).15 F 1.074
(fects only the character seen by the)-.25 F .38(outside w)69.336 558 R
.38(orld; it does not af)-.1 F .38
(fect the character stored internally by the program, from which the ne)
-.25 F .38(xt output)-.15 F(number will be subtracted.)69.336 570 Q(All\
 subtractions are done modulo the number of characters in the character\
 set.)5 E -1 -.8(Tw o)69.336 588 T(dif)3.995 E .695
(ferent tapes are used for input and output to allo)-.25 F 3.196(wf)-.25
G .696(or future e)-3.196 F .696(xpansion of the language to include)
-.15 F .956(multiple input and output channels. Both tapes start at cha\
racter 0 when a program be)69.336 600 R .955(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .955(cution. On).15 F .261(input, when an end-of-\214le mark)69.336
612 R .262(er is reached the number placed in the array is one greater \
than the highest-)-.1 F(numbered character on the tape.)69.336 624 Q F1
2.5(5.3 Example)69.336 642 R(Pr)2.5 E -.1(og)-.45 G -.15(ra).1 G(m).15 E
F0 .398(If all this seems terribly complicated, it should be made perfe\
ctly clear by the follo)69.336 660 R .397(wing e)-.25 F .397
(xample program,)-.15 F .884
(which simply maps its input to its output \(lik)69.336 672 R 3.384(eas)
-.1 G .885(impli\214ed UNIX "cat"\). It assumes that characters are 8)
-3.384 F 1.04(bits long, b)69.336 684 R 1.04(ut that')-.2 F 3.54<738c>
-.55 G 1.04(ne since the current v)-3.54 F 1.039
(ersion of C-INTERCAL does too. It uses the standard library)-.15 F
(routines for addition and subtraction.)69.336 696 Q 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G 7.08 -.554
(DO ,)122.387 96 T 8.012(1<)3.47 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(1)-7.501 E 7.08
-.554(DO .)122.387 108 T 8.012(4<)3.47 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(0)-7.501 E
7.08 -.554(DO .)122.387 120 T 8.012(5<)3.47 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(0)-7.501
E 4.995 -.554(DO C)122.387 132 T -.556 -1.389(OM E).275 H .551(FR)8.886
G 7.5 -1.389(OM \()-1.23 H -3.331 1.666(30 \))3.89 H 3.61 -.554(DO W)
122.387 144 T -3.886 1.666(RI T)-.835 H 8.612(EI)-1.11 G 8.472(N,)-7.221
G(1)-5.556 E 7.08 -.554(DO .)122.387 156 T 8.012(1<)3.47 G 10.417(-,)
-5.831 G 1.386(1S)-7.501 G -1.111 -.279(UB #)-1.11 H(1)1.945 E 6.665
-.554(DO \()122.387 168 T -3.331 1.666(10 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G
.831(PL)123.217 180 S -2.226 .001(EA S)-.275 H 6.667(EG).83 G 1.391(IV)
-5.276 G 6.667(EU)-1.39 G(P)-6.391 E 2.501(\(2)71.004 192 S 21.383 2.501
(0\) P)-.835 H .556(LE)-1.67 G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H -2.221 .276
(RE SU)6.666 H 7.78 -.834(ME ')-1.665 H 3.196(?.)3.615 G -3.331 1.666
(1$#256 ')-.28 H 3.336(~')1.67 G -3.331 1.666(#256$#256 ')-.835 H 2.501
(\(1)71.004 204 S 20.553 2.501(0\) D)-.835 H 8.057(O\()-3.055 G -3.331
1.666(20 \))-5.556 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G 5.55 -.554(DO F)122.387 216 T
-1.941 -.279(ORG E).83 H 7.777(T#).835 G(1)-6.111 E 7.08 -.554(DO .)
122.387 228 T 8.012(2<)3.47 G 10.417(-.)-5.831 G(4)-7.501 E 6.665 -.554
(DO \()122.387 240 T -3.331 1.666(1000 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G 7.08
-.554(DO .)122.387 252 T 8.012(4<)3.47 G 10.417(-.)-5.831 G 2.501(3~#)
-7.501 G 1.666(255)-.835 G 7.08 -.554(DO .)122.387 264 T 8.012(3<)3.47 G
10.002(-!)-5.831 G 2.501(3~#)-7.501 G -3.331 1.666(15 ' $ ! 3 ~ #240 ')
-.835 H 7.08 -.554(DO .)122.387 276 T 8.012(3<)3.47 G 10.002(-!)-5.831 G
2.501(3~#)-7.501 G -3.331 1.666(15 ' $ ! 3 ~ #240 ')-.835 H 7.08 -.554
(DO .)122.387 288 T 8.012(2<)3.47 G 10.002(-!)-5.831 G 2.501(3~#)-7.501
G -3.331 1.666(15 ' $ ! 3 ~ #240 ')-.835 H 7.08 -.554(DO .)122.387 300 T
8.012(1<)3.47 G 10.417(-.)-5.831 G(5)-7.501 E 6.665 -.554(DO \()122.387
312 T -3.331 1.666(1010 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G 7.08 -.554(DO .)
122.387 324 T 8.012(5<)3.47 G 10.417(-.)-5.831 G(2)-7.501 E 7.08 -.554
(DO ,)122.387 336 T 1.386(1S)3.47 G -1.111 -.279(UB #)-1.11 H 8.012(1<)
1.945 G 10.417(-.)-5.831 G(3)-7.501 E 2.501(\(3)71.004 348 S 21.383
2.501(0\) P)-.835 H .556(LE)-1.67 G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H .276(RE)
6.666 G 4.72 -.554(AD OU)-.275 H 9.027(T,).555 G(1)-6.111 E -.15(Fo)
69.336 366 S 2.863(re).15 G .363(ach number recei)-2.863 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.863(di).15 G 2.863(nt)-2.863 G .363(he input array)-2.863 F 2.863
(,t)-.65 G .363
(he program \214rst tests the #256 bit to see if the end of \214le has)
-2.863 F 1.396(been reached. If not, the pre)69.336 378 R 1.396
(vious input character is subtracted of)-.25 F 3.895(ft)-.25 G 3.895(oo)
-3.895 G 1.395(btain the current input character)-3.895 F(.)-.55 E .434
(Then the order of the bits is re)69.336 390 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .435(rsed\
 to \214nd out what character should be sent to the output, and the res\
ult).15 F .369(is subtracted from the last character sent. Finally)
69.336 402 R 2.869(,t)-.65 G .369(he dif)-2.869 F .369
(ference is placed in an array and gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.869(nt).15
G 2.869(oa)-2.869 G(READ)-.001 E(OUT statement. See?)69.336 414 Q 1.6
-.8(We t)5 H(old you it w).8 E(as simple!)-.1 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(6. T)69.336 96 R(riINTERCAL)-.55 E F0 .145
("-- oh dear)94.336 132 R 2.645(,h)-.4 G .645 -.25(ow p)-2.645 H .145
(uzzling it all is! I').25 F .145(ll try if I kno)-.1 F 2.645(wa)-.25 G
.145(ll the things I used to kno)-2.645 F 1.445 -.65(w. L)-.25 H .146
(et me see: four times \214v).65 F(e)-.15 E .095(is twelv)94.336 144 R
.095(e, and four times six is thirteen, and four times se)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.595(ni).15 G 2.595(s-)-2.595 G 2.595(-o)-2.595 G 2.595(hd)
-2.595 G .095(ear! I shall ne)-2.595 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.594(rg).15 G
.094(et to twenty at that)-2.594 F(rate!")94.336 156 Q .129
(In which it is re)69.336 174 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .129(aled that bitwise o\
perations are too ordinary for hard-core INTERCAL programmers, and).15 F
-.15(ex)69.336 186 S .922(tensions to other bases are discussed. These \
are not, strictly speaking, e).15 F .922(xtensions to INTERCAL itself,)
-.15 F -.2(bu)69.336 198 S 2.5(tr).2 G(ather ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wd)-.25 G
(ialects sharing most of the features of the parent language.)-2.5 E F1
2.5(6.1 Motivation)69.336 216 R F0 .137
(INTERCAL is really a pretty sissy language. It tries hard to be dif)
69.336 234 R .138(ferent, b)-.25 F .138(ut when you get right do)-.2 F
.138(wn to its)-.25 F .427(roots, what do you \214nd?)69.336 246 R -1.1
(Yo)5.426 G 2.926<758c>1.1 G .426(nd bits, that')-2.926 F 2.926(sw)-.55
G .426(hat. Plain old ones and zeroes, in groups of 16 and 32, just)
-2.926 F(lik)69.336 258 Q 3.368(ee)-.1 G -.15(ve)-3.618 G .868
(ry other language you').15 F 1.169 -.15(ve e)-.5 H -.15(ve)-.1 G 3.369
(rh).15 G .869
(eard of. And what operations can you perform on these bits? The)-3.369
F .333(INTERCAL operators may arrange and permute them in weird and w)
69.336 270 R .333(onderful w)-.1 F .333(ays, b)-.1 F .333
(ut at the bit le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.832(lt).15 G(he)-2.832 E
(operators are the same AND, OR and XOR you')69.336 282 Q .3 -.15(ve s)
-.5 H(een countless times before.).15 E .624(Once the prospecti)69.336
300 R .924 -.15(ve I)-.25 H .625
(NTERCAL programmer masters the unusual syntax, she \214nds herself w)
.15 F .625(orking with)-.1 F .879(the f)69.336 312 R .879
(amiliar Boolean operators on perfectly ordinary unsigned inte)-.1 F
.878(ger w)-.15 F .878(ords. Ev)-.1 F .878(en the constants she uses)
-.15 F 1.43(are f)69.336 324 R(amiliar)-.1 E 3.93(.A)-.55 G 1.43
(fter all, who w)-3.93 F 1.43
(ould not immediately recognize #65535 and #32768? It may tak)-.1 F 3.93
(eaj)-.1 G 1.43(ust a)-3.93 F 1.011(moment more to \214gure out #65280,\
 and #21845 and #43690 could be puzzles until she notices that the)
69.336 336 R(y)-.15 E .048(sum to #65535, b)69.336 348 R .048
(ut basically she')-.2 F 2.548(ss)-.55 G .049
(till on her home turf. The 16-bit limit on constants actually w)-2.548
F .049(orks in the)-.1 F(programmer')69.336 360 Q 5.701(sf)-.55 G -.2
(avo)-5.801 G 5.701(rb).2 G 5.701(yi)-5.701 G 3.201(nsuring that v)
-5.701 F 3.201(ery long anon)-.15 F 3.201
(ymous constants cannot appear in INTERCAL)-.15 F 2.5(programs. And)
69.336 372 R(this is in a language that is supposed to be dif)2.5 E
(ferent from an)-.25 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther!)-2.5 E F1 2.5(6.2 Abandon)
69.336 390 R(All Hope)2.5 E(...)-.15 E F0 .608
(Standard INTERCAL is based on v)69.336 408 R .608
(ariables consisting of ordinary bits and f)-.25 F .608
(amiliar Boolean operations on)-.1 F 1.108
(those bits. In pursuit of uniqueness, it seems appropriate to pro)
69.336 420 R 1.108(vide a ne)-.15 F 3.608(wd)-.25 G 1.108
(ialect, otherwise identical to)-3.608 F 1.612
(INTERCAL, which instead uses v)69.336 432 R 1.613(ariables consisting \
of trits, i.e. ternary digits, and operators based on)-.25 F .173(tritw\
ise logical operations. This is intended to be a separate dialect, rath\
er than an e)69.336 444 R .173(xtension to INTERCAL)-.15 F .56
(itself, for a number of reasons. Doing it this w)69.336 456 R .56(ay a)
-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .56(ids w).2 F .56
(ord-length con\215icts, does not spoil the ele)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G
(nce).05 E .593(of the Spartan INTERCAL operator set, and dodges the ob\
jections of those who might feel it too great an)69.336 468 R .182
(alteration to the original language. Primarily)69.336 480 R 2.682(,t)
-.65 G .182(hough, gi)-2.682 F .183
(ving INTERCAL programmers the ability to switch)-.25 F .127
(numeric base at will amounts to e)69.336 492 R(xcessi)-.15 E .427 -.15
(ve f)-.25 H(unctionality).15 E 2.627(.S)-.65 G 2.627(om)-2.627 G .127
(uch better that a programmer choose a base at)-2.627 F(the outset and \
then be forced to stick with it for the remainder of the program.)69.336
504 Q F1 2.5(6.3 Compiler)69.336 522 R(Oper)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 .297
(The same compiler)69.336 540 R 2.798(,i)-.4 G .298
(ck, supports both INTERCAL and T)-2.798 F 2.798(riINTERCAL. This)-.35 F
.298(has the adv)2.798 F .298(antage that future)-.25 F -.2(bu)69.336
552 S 3.214<678c>.2 G -.15(xe)-3.214 G 3.214(sa).15 G .714(nd additions\
 to the language not related to arithmetic immediately apply to both v)
-3.214 F 3.213(ersions. The)-.15 F .778
(compiler recognizes INTERCAL source \214les by the e)69.336 564 R .779
(xtension '.i', and T)-.15 F .779(riINTERCAL source \214les by the)-.35
F -.15(ex)69.336 576 S .255(tension '.3i'. It').15 F 2.755(sa)-.55 G
2.755(ss)-2.755 G .255(imple as that. There is no w)-2.755 F .255
(ay to mix INTERCAL and T)-.1 F .255(riINTERCAL source in the)-.35 F
1.436(same program, and it is not al)69.336 588 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.436
(ys possible to determine which dialect a program is written in just by)
.1 F(looking at the source code.)69.336 600 Q F1 2.5(6.4 Data)69.336 618
R -.74(Ty)2.5 G(pes).74 E F0 3.293(The tw)69.336 636 R 5.793(oT)-.1 G
3.292(riINTERCAL data types are 10-trit unsigned inte)-6.143 F 3.292
(gers and 20-trit unsigned inte)-.15 F 3.292(gers. All)-.15 F 1.187
(INTERCAL syntax for distinguishing data types is ported to these ne)
69.336 648 R 3.688(wt)-.25 G 1.188(ypes in the ob)-3.688 F 1.188
(vious w)-.15 F(ay)-.1 E 3.688(.S)-.65 G(mall)-3.688 E -.1(wo)69.336 660
S 2.773(rds may contain numbers from #0 to #59048; lar).1 F 2.773(ge w)
-.18 F 2.772(ords may contain numbers from #0$#0 to)-.1 F 1.795(#59048$\
#59048. Errors are signaled for constants greater than #59048 and for a\
ttempts to WRITE IN)69.336 672 R(numbers too lar)69.336 684 Q
(ge for a gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nv).15 G
(ariable or array element to hold.)-2.75 E .942(Note that though T)
69.336 702 R .942
(riINTERCAL considers all numbers to be unsigned, nothing pre)-.35 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .941(nts the programmer).15 F 1.354(from implementing ar\
ithmetic operations that treat their operands as signed. Three')69.336
714 R 3.855(sc)-.55 G 1.355(omplement is one)-3.855 F(ob)69.336 726 Q
2.943(vious choice, b)-.15 F 2.943
(ut balanced ternary notation is also a possibility)-.2 F 5.442(.T)-.65
G 2.942(his latter is a v)-5.442 F 2.942(ery pretty and)-.15 F
(symmetrical system in which all 2 trits are treated as if the)69.336
738 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad the v)-2.5 E(alue -1.)-.25 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(6.5 Oper)69.336 96 R(ator)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.23
(The T)69.336 114 R 1.23
(riINTERCAL operators are designed to inherit the rele)-.35 F -.25(va)
-.25 G 1.23(nt properties of the standard INTERCAL).25 F .775
(operators, so that both can be considered as merely dif)69.336 126 R
.774(ferent aspects of the same Platonic ideal. \(Not that)-.25 F(the w)
69.336 138 Q(ord "ideal" is e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rp).15 G
(articularly rele)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(nt when used in connection with INTERCAL.\)).25 E F1 2.5(6.5.1 Binary)
69.336 156 R(Oper)2.5 E(ator)-.15 E 2.5(sI)-.1 G F0 .566
(The binary operators carry o)69.336 174 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.066(rf).15 G
.567
(rom the original language with only minor changes. The mingle operator)
-3.066 F .442(\($\) creates a 20-trit w)69.336 186 R .442
(ord by alternating trits from its tw)-.1 F 2.942(o1)-.1 G .441
(0-trit operands. The select operator \(~\) is a little)-2.942 F 1.265(\
more complicated, since the ternary tritmask may contain 0, 1, and 2 tr\
its. If we observ)69.336 198 R 3.766(et)-.15 G 1.266(hat the select)
-3.766 F 2.656(operation on binary operands amounts to a bitwise AND an\
d some rearrangement of bits, it seems)69.336 210 R 2.392(appropriate t\
o base the select for ternary operands on a tritwise AND in the analogo\
us f)69.336 222 R 2.392(ashion. W)-.1 F(e)-.8 E
(therefore postpone the de\214nition of select until we kno)69.336 234 Q
2.5(ww)-.25 G(hat a tritwise AND looks lik)-2.5 E(e.)-.1 E F1 2.5
(6.5.2 Unary)69.336 252 R(Oper)2.5 E(ator)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .506
(The unary operators in INTERCAL are all deri)69.336 270 R -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.006(df).15 G .506(rom the f)-3.006 F .505
(amiliar Boolean operations on single bits. T)-.1 F(o)-.8 E -.15(ex)
69.336 282 S .373
(tend these operations to trits, we \214rst ask ourselv).15 F .374
(es what the important properties of these operations are)-.15 F
(that we wish to be preserv)69.336 294 Q
(ed, then design the tritwise operators so that the)-.15 E 2.5(yb)-.15 G
(eha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.5(nas).15 G(imilar f)-2.5 E(ashion.)-.1
E F1 2.5(6.5.2.1 Unary)69.336 312 R(Lo)2.5 E(gical Oper)-.1 E(ator)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(Let')69.336 330 Q 2.57(ss)-.55 G .07
(tart with AND and OR. T)-2.57 F 2.57(ob)-.8 G -.15(eg)-2.57 G .069(in \
with, these can be considered "choice" or "preference" operators, as).15
F(the)69.336 342 Q 2.748(ya)-.15 G -.1(lwa)-2.748 G .248
(ys return one of their operands. AND can be described as w).1 F .248
(anting to return 0, b)-.1 F .248(ut returning 1 if it)-.2 F .407(is gi)
69.336 354 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.907(nn).15 G 2.907(oo)-2.907 G .407
(ther choice, i.e., if both operands are 1. Similarly)-2.907 F 2.907(,O)
-.65 G 2.907(Rw)-2.907 G .407(ants to return 1 b)-3.007 F .406
(ut returns 0 if that is)-.2 F .154(its only choice. From this it is im\
mediately apparent that each operator has an identity element that "al)
69.336 366 R -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E
(loses", and a dominator element that "al)69.336 378 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G
(ys wins".).1 E .013(AND and OR are commutati)69.336 396 R .313 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .013(nd associati).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.513(,a).15 G .013
(nd each distrib)-2.513 F .012(utes o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.512(rt).15
G .012(he other)-2.512 F 2.512(.T)-.55 G(he)-2.512 E 2.512(ya)-.15 G
.012(re also symmetric)-2.512 F .091(with each other)69.336 408 R 2.591
(,i)-.4 G 2.591(nt)-2.591 G .092(he sense that AND looks lik)-2.591 F
2.592(eO)-.1 G 2.592(Ra)-2.592 G .092(nd OR looks lik)-2.592 F 2.592(eA)
-.1 G .092(ND when the roles of 0 and 1 are)-2.592 F .095
(interchanged \(De Mor)69.336 420 R -.05(ga)-.18 G(n').05 E 2.594(sL)
-.55 G -.15(aw)-2.594 G .094
(s\). This symmetry property seems to be a k).15 F .394 -.15(ey e)-.1 H
.094(lement to the idea that these).15 F .292
(are logical, rather than arithmetic, operators. In a three-v)69.336 432
R .292(alued logic we w)-.25 F .292(ould similarly e)-.1 F .292
(xpect a three-w)-.15 F(ay)-.1 E(symmetry among the three v)69.336 444 Q
(alues 0, 1 and 2 and the three operators AND, OR and \(of course\) B)
-.25 E(UT)-.1 E(.)-.74 E .052(The follo)69.336 462 R .052
(wing tritwise operations ha)-.25 F .352 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .052
(ll the desired properties: OR returns the greater of its tw).15 F 2.551
(oo)-.1 G(perands.)-2.551 E .228(That is, it returns 2 if it can get it\
, else it tries to return 1, and it returns 0 only if both operands are\
 0. AND)69.336 474 R -.1(wa)69.336 486 S .423
(nts to return 0, will return 2 if it can').1 F 2.923(tg)-.18 G .422
(et 0, and returns 1 only if forced. B)-2.923 F .422(UT w)-.1 F .422
(ants 1, will tak)-.1 F 2.922(e0)-.1 G 2.922(,a)-2.922 G(nd)-2.922 E
.301(tries to a)69.336 498 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .301(id 2. The equi).2 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .301(lents to De Mor).25 F -.05(ga)-.18 G(n').05 E 2.801(sL)
-.55 G -.15(aw)-2.801 G 2.801(sa).15 G .302
(pply to rotations of the three elements, e.g., 0 -> 1,)-2.801 F 2.76
(1-)69.336 510 S 2.76(>2)-2.76 G 2.76(,2-)-2.76 G 2.76(>0)-2.76 G 2.76
(.E)-2.76 G .26(ach operator distrib)-2.76 F .26(utes o)-.2 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.76(re).15 G .26(xactly one other operator)-2.91 F 2.76(,s)-.4 G
2.76(ot)-2.76 G .26(he property "X distrib)-2.76 F .26(utes o)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E .309(Y" is not transiti)69.336 522 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.809(.T).15 G .309(he question of which w)-2.809 F .309
(ay this distrib)-.1 F(uti)-.2 E .31
(vity ring goes around is left as an e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .31
(rcise for).15 F(the student.)69.336 534 Q .368(In T)69.336 552 R .367
(riINTERCAL programs the whirlpool \(@\) denotes the unary tritwise B)
-.35 F .367(UT operation. Y)-.1 F .367(ou can think of)-1.1 F .223
(the whirlpool as dra)69.336 564 R .223(wing v)-.15 F .223
(alues preferentially to)-.25 F -.1(wa)-.25 G .223(rds the central v).1
F .223(alue 1. Alternati)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.723(,y)-.65 G
.223(ou can think of it)-2.723 F(as dra)69.336 576 Q
(wing your soul and your sanity ine)-.15 E(xorably do)-.15 E(wn ...)-.25
E(On the other hand, maybe it')69.336 594 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(est you)-2.5 E
F1(not)2.5 E F0(think of it that w)2.5 E(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 2.739(Af)
69.336 612 S .739 -.25(ew c)-2.739 H .239(omments about ho).25 F 2.739
(wt)-.25 G .239(hese operators can be used. OR acts lik)-2.739 F 2.739
(eat)-.1 G .238(ritwise maximum operation. AND)-2.739 F .484
(can be used with tritmasks. 0')69.336 624 R 2.984(si)-.55 G 2.984(nam)
-2.984 G .485
(ask wipe out the corresponding elements in the other operand, while)
-2.984 F(1')69.336 636 Q 2.662(sl)-.55 G .162
(et the corresponding elements pass through unchanged. 2')-2.662 F 2.662
(si)-.55 G 2.662(nam)-2.662 G .162(ask consolidate the v)-2.662 F .161
(alues of nonzero)-.25 F .106(elements, as both 1')69.336 648 R 2.606
(sa)-.55 G .106(nd 2')-2.606 F 2.606(si)-.55 G 2.606(nt)-2.606 G .107
(he other operand yield 2')-2.606 F 2.607(si)-.55 G 2.607(nt)-2.607 G
.107(he output. B)-2.607 F .107(UT can be used to create "partial)-.1 F
2.702(tritmasks". 0')69.336 660 R 5.202(si)-.55 G 5.202(nam)-5.202 G
2.702(ask let B)-5.202 F 2.702(UT eliminate 2')-.1 F 5.202(sf)-.55 G
2.702(rom the other operand while lea)-5.202 F 2.701(ving other v)-.2 F
(alues)-.25 E .585(unchanged. Of course, the symmetry property guarante\
es that the operators don')69.336 672 R 3.086(tr)-.18 G .586(eally beha)
-3.086 F .886 -.15(ve d)-.2 H(if).15 E(ferently)-.25 E .273
(from each other in an)69.336 684 R 2.773(yf)-.15 G .273(undamental w)
-2.773 F .273(ay; the apparent dif)-.1 F .273
(ferences come from the intuiti)-.25 F .573 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ie).15 E
2.772(wt)-.25 G .272(hat a 0 trit)-2.772 F
(is "not set" while a 1 or 2 trit is "set".)69.336 696 Q F1 2.5
(6.5.2.2 Binary)69.336 714 R(Oper)2.5 E(ator)-.15 E 2.5(sI)-.1 G(I)-2.5
E F0 .715(At this point we can de\214ne select, since we no)69.336 732 R
3.215(wk)-.25 G(no)-3.215 E 3.215(ww)-.25 G .715
(hat the tritwise AND looks lik)-3.215 F .716(e. Select tak)-.1 F .716
(es the)-.1 F 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G .482
(binary tritwise AND of its tw)69.336 96 R 2.982(oo)-.1 G .481
(perands. It shifts all the trits of the result corresponding to 2')
-2.982 F 2.981(si)-.55 G 2.981(nt)-2.981 G .481(he right)-2.981 F .091
(operand o)69.336 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.591(rt).15 G 2.591(ot)-2.591 G
.091(he right \(lo)-2.591 F .091(w\) end of the result, then follo)-.25
F .091(ws them with all the output trits corresponding to)-.25 F(1')
69.336 120 Q 2.768(si)-.55 G 2.768(nt)-2.768 G .268(he right operand. T)
-2.768 F .268(rits corresponding to 0')-.35 F 2.767(si)-.55 G 2.767(nt)
-2.767 G .267(he right operand, which are all 0 an)-2.767 F(yw)-.15 E
(ay)-.1 E 2.767(,o)-.65 G(ccup)-2.767 E 2.767(yt)-.1 G(he)-2.767 E .646
(remaining space at the left end of the output w)69.336 132 R .647
(ord. Both 10-trit and 20-trit operands are accepted, and are)-.1 F .559
(padded with zeroes on the left if necessary)69.336 144 R 3.059(.T)-.65
G .558(he output type is determined the same w)-3.059 F .558
(ay as in standard C-)-.1 F(INTERCAL.)69.336 156 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0
SF 2.5(6.5.2.3 Unary)69.336 174 R(Arithmetic Oper)2.5 E(ator)-.15 E(s)
-.1 E F0(No)69.336 192 Q 3.883(wt)-.25 G 1.383(hat we')-3.883 F 1.683
-.15(ve g)-.5 H 1.383(ot all that settled, what about XOR? This is easi\
ly the most-useful of the three unary).15 F 2.094(INTERCAL operators, b\
ecause it combines in one package the operations ADD WITHOUT CARR)69.336
204 R -1.29(Y,)-.65 G(SUBTRA)69.336 216 Q .661(CT WITHOUT BORR)-.4 F
-.35(OW)-.4 G 3.161(,B)-.57 G .661(ITWISE NO)-3.161 F -.92(T-)-.4 G(EQ)
.92 E -.4(UA)-.1 G .661(L, and BITWISE NO).4 F 2.141 -.74(T. I)-.4 H
3.161(nT).74 G .661(riINTERCAL we)-3.511 F(can')69.336 228 Q 3.501(th)
-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.501 H 1.001(all of these in the same operator)
3.701 F 3.501(,s)-.4 G 1
(ince addition and subtraction are no longer the same thing.)-3.501 F
.99(The solution is to split the XOR concept into tw)69.336 240 R 3.49
(oo)-.1 G .99(perators. The ADD WITHOUT CARR)-3.49 F 3.49(Yo)-.65 G .99
(peration is)-3.49 F .434(represented by the ne)69.336 252 R 2.934(ws)
-.25 G .434(hark\214n \(^\), while the old what \(?\) represents SUBTRA)
-2.934 F .433(CT WITHOUT BORR)-.4 F -.35(OW)-.4 G(.)-.57 E(The reason f\
or this choice is so that what \(?\) will also represent the TRITWISE N\
O)69.336 264 Q -.92(T-)-.4 G(EQ).92 E -.4(UA)-.1 G 2.5(Lo).4 G
(peration.)-2.5 E 1.215(Note that what \(?\), unlik)69.336 282 R 3.715
(et)-.1 G 1.216(he other four unary operators, is not symmetrical. It s\
hould be thought of as)-3.715 F .56(rotating its operand one trit to th\
e right \(with wraparound\) and then subtracting of)69.336 294 R 3.06
(ft)-.25 G .56(he trits of the original)-3.06 F(number)69.336 306 Q 2.5
(.T)-.55 G(hese subtractions are done without borro)-2.5 E
(wing, i.e., trit-by-trit modulo 3.)-.25 E F1 2.5(6.5.3 Examples)69.336
324 R F0 1.593(The T)69.336 342 R 1.594
(riINTERCAL operators really aren')-.35 F 4.094(ta)-.18 G 1.594
(ll that bad once you get used to them. Let')-4.094 F 4.094(sl)-.55 G
1.594(ook at a fe)-4.094 F(w)-.25 E -.15(ex)69.336 354 S .289
(amples to sho).15 F 2.789(wh)-.25 G .789 -.25(ow t)-2.789 H(he).25 E
2.789(yc)-.15 G .289(an be used in practice. In all of these e)-2.789 F
.288(xamples the input v)-.15 F .288(alue is contained in)-.25 F
(the 10-trit v)69.336 366 Q(ariable .3.)-.25 E 1.795
(In INTERCAL, single-bit v)69.336 384 R 1.795(alues often ha)-.25 F
2.095 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 4.295(ob).15 G 4.295(ec)-4.295 G(on)-4.295 E -.15
(ve)-.4 G 1.795(rted from {0,1} to {1,2} for use in RESUME).15 F 1.242
(statements. Examples of ho)69.336 396 R 3.742(wt)-.25 G 3.742(od)-3.742
G 3.742(ot)-3.742 G 1.242(his appear in the original manual. In T)-3.742
F 1.242(riINTERCAL the e)-.35 F(xpression)-.15 E .988
("^.3$#1"~#1 sends 0 -> 1 and 1 -> 2. If the 1-trit input v)69.336 408 R
.988(alue can tak)-.25 F 3.488(eo)-.1 G 3.488(na)-3.488 G 1.288 -.15
(ny o)-3.488 H 3.488(fi).15 G .988(ts three possible states,)-3.488 F
(ho)69.336 420 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .816 -.4(r, w).15 H 2.516(ew)
.4 G .016(ill also ha)-2.516 F .316 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.515(od).15 G .015
(eal with the 2 case. The e)-2.515 F .015(xpression "V)-.15 F .015
(.3$#1"~#1 sends {0,1} -> 1 and 2 -> 2.)-1.29 F 2.323 -.8(To t)69.336
432 T .724(est if a trit is set, we can use "V'"&.3$#2"~#1'$#1"~#1, sen\
ding 0 -> 1 and {1,2} -> 2. T).8 F 3.224(or)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.224
H .724(rse the).25 F .289(test we use "?'"&.3$#2"~#1'$#1"~#1, sending 0\
 -> 2 and {1,2} -> 1. Note that we ha)69.336 444 R .589 -.15(ve n)-.2 H
.289(ot been taking full).15 F(adv)69.336 456 Q 1.067(antage of the ne)
-.25 F 3.567(ws)-.25 G 1.067(elect operator)-3.567 F 3.567(.T)-.55 G
1.067(hese last tw)-3.567 F 3.567(oe)-.1 G 1.067
(xpressions can be simpli\214ed into "V!3~#2'$#1"~#1)-3.717 F .719
(and "?!3~#2'$#1"~#1, which perform e)69.336 468 R .719
(xactly the same mappings. Finally)-.15 F 3.219(,i)-.65 G 3.219(fw)
-3.219 G 3.219(en)-3.219 G .719(eed a 3-w)-3.219 F .718(ay test, we can)
-.1 F(use "@'"^.3$#7"~#4'$#2"~#10, which ob)69.336 480 Q
(viously sends 0 -> 1, 1 -> 2, and 2 -> 3.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)69.336 498 S
2.955(ra).15 G 2.955(nu)-2.955 G .455(nrelated e)-2.955 F .455
(xample, the e)-.15 F .455(xpression "^.3$.3"~"#0$#29524" con)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G .456(rts all of the 1-trits of .3 into 2').15 F 2.956(sa)
-.55 G(nd)-2.956 E 2.507(all of the 2-trits into 1')69.336 510 R 2.507
(s. In balanced ternary)-.55 F 5.006(,w)-.65 G 2.506
(here 2-trits represent -1 v)-5.006 F 2.506(alues, this is the ne)-.25 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E(operation.)69.336 522 Q F1 2.5(6.6 Be)69.336
540 R(yond T)-.3 E(ernary)-.92 E(...)-.55 E F0 1.123(While we')69.336
558 R 1.123(re at it, we might as well e)-.5 F 1.123
(xtend this multiple bases b)-.15 F 1.124(usiness a little f)-.2 F
(arther)-.1 E 3.624(.T)-.55 G 1.124(he ick compiler)-3.624 F 1.104
(actually recognizes \214lename suf)69.336 570 R<8c78>-.25 E 1.104
(es of the form '.Ni', where N is an)-.15 F 3.604(yn)-.15 G 1.103
(umber from 2 to 7. 2 of course)-3.604 F(gi)69.336 582 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.576(ss).15 G .076(tandard INTERCAL, while 3 gi)-2.576 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.576(sT).15 G 2.576(riINTERCAL. W)-2.926 F 2.576(ec)-.8 G .076(ut of)
-2.576 F 2.576(fb)-.25 G .077(efore 8 because octal notation is the)
-2.576 F 1.619(smallest base used to f)69.336 594 R 1.618(acilitate hum\
an-to-machine communication, and this seems quite contrary to the)-.1 F
.491(basic principles behind INTERCAL. The small data types hold 16 bit\
s, 10 trits, 8 quarts, 6 quints, 6 se)69.336 606 R(xts,)-.15 E
(or 5 septs, and the lar)69.336 618 Q(ge types are al)-.18 E -.1(wa)-.1
G(ys twice this size.).1 E 2.309(As for operators, ? is al)69.336 636 R
-.1(wa)-.1 G 2.309(ys SUBTRA).1 F 2.309(CT WITHOUT BORR)-.4 F -.35(OW)
-.4 G 4.808(,a)-.57 G 2.308(nd ^ is al)-4.808 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 2.308
(ys ADD WITHOUT).1 F(CARR)69.336 648 Q 3.355 -1.29(Y. V i)-.65 H 3.275
(st)1.29 G .775(he OR operation and al)-3.275 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .775
(ys returns the max of its inputs. & is the AND operation, which).1 F
.555(chooses 0 if possible b)69.336 660 R .555
(ut otherwise returns the max of the inputs. @ is B)-.2 F(UT)-.1 E 3.055
(,w)-.74 G .555(hich prefers 1, then 0, then)-3.055 F .634
(the max of the remaining possibilities.)69.336 672 R .635
(Rather than add more special symbols fore)5.635 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.435
-.4(r, a n).15 H .635(umeric modi\214er).4 F 1.394(may be placed direct\
ly before the @ to indicate the operation that prefers one of the digit\
s not already)69.336 684 R .259(represented. Thus in \214les ending in \
'.5i', the permitted unary operators are ?, ^, &, @, 2@, 3@, and V)
69.336 696 R 2.759(.U)-1.29 G(se)-2.759 E .025(of such barbarisms as 0@\
 to represent & are not permitted, nor is the use of @ or ^ in \214les \
with either of the)69.336 708 R -.15(ex)69.336 720 S
(tensions '.i' or '.2i'. Wh).15 E 2.5(yn)-.05 G(ot? Y)-2.5 E
(ou just can')-1.1 E(t, that')-.18 E 2.5(sw)-.55 G -.05(hy)-2.5 G 5(.D)
-.6 G(on')-5 E 2.5(ta)-.18 G(sk so man)-2.5 E 2.5(yq)-.15 G(uestions.)
-2.5 E 1.023(As a closing e)69.336 738 R 1.024(xample, we note that in \
balanced quinary notation, where 3 means -2 and 4 means -1, the)-.15 F 0
Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G(ne)69.336 96 Q
-.05(ga)-.15 G(tion operation can be written as either).05 E
(DO .1 <- "^'"^.3$.3"~"#0$#3906"'$'"^.3$.3"~"#0$#3906"'"~"#0$#3906")
74.336 114 Q(or as)69.336 132 Q(DO .1 <- "^.3$.3"~"#0$#3906")74.336 150
Q(DO .1 <- "^.1$.1"~"#0$#3906")74.336 162 Q(These w)69.336 180 Q(ork be\
cause multiplication by -1 is the same as multiplication by 4, modulo 5\
.)-.1 E(No)69.336 198 Q 2.5(wg)-.25 G 2.5(ob)-2.5 G(eat your head ag)
-2.5 E(ainst the w)-.05 E(all for a while.)-.1 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(7. SUBR)69.336 96 R(OUTINE LIBRAR)-.4 E(Y)-.18 E
F0("Y)94.336 132 Q(ou don')-1.1 E 2.5(tk)-.18 G(no)-2.5 E 2.5(ww)-.25 G
(hat you')-2.5 E(re talking about!" cried Humpty Dumpty)-.5 E 2.5(.")
-.65 G(Ho)-2.5 E 2.5(wm)-.25 G(an)-2.5 E 2.5(yd)-.15 G
(ays are there in a year?")-2.5 E("Three hundred and sixty-\214v)94.336
150 Q(e," said Alice.)-.15 E("And ho)94.336 168 Q 2.5(wm)-.25 G(an)-2.5
E 2.5(yb)-.15 G(irthdays ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve y)-.2 H(ou?").15 E("One.")
94.336 186 Q("And if you tak)94.336 204 Q 2.5(eo)-.1 G
(ne from three hundred and sixty-\214v)-2.5 E(e, what remains?")-.15 E
("Three hundred and sixty-four)94.336 216 Q 2.5(,o)-.4 G 2.5(fc)-2.5 G
(ourse.")-2.5 E(Humpty Dumpty look)94.336 234 Q(ed doubtful. "I')-.1 E
2.5(dr)-.5 G(ather see that done on paper)-2.5 E(," he said.)-.4 E 1.241
(INTERCAL pro)69.336 252 R 1.241(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.241
(ral b).15 F 1.241
(uilt-in subroutines to which control can be transferred to perform v)
-.2 F(arious)-.25 E 3.773(operations. These operations include man)
69.336 264 R 6.273(yu)-.15 G 3.774
(seful functions which are not easily representable in)-6.273 F
(INTERCAL, such as addition, subtraction, etc.)69.336 276 Q F1 2.5
(7.1 Usa)69.336 294 R -.1(ge)-.1 G F0 .519(In general, the operands are\
 .1, .2, etc., or :1, :2, etc., and the result\(s\) are stored in what \
w)69.336 312 R .518(ould ha)-.1 F .818 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een).15 E .667
(the ne)69.336 324 R .667(xt operand\(s\). F)-.15 F .667(or instance, o\
ne routine adds .1 to .2 and stores the sum in .3, with .4 being used t\
o)-.15 F(indicate o)69.336 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 1.3 -.65
(w. A)-.25 H(ll v).65 E
(ariables not used for results are left unchanged.)-.25 E F1 2.5(7.2 A)
69.336 354 R(vailable Functions)-.55 E F0 1.615(At the time of this wri\
ting, only the most fundamental operations are of)69.336 372 R 1.615
(fered in the library)-.25 F 4.115(,a)-.65 G 4.115(sam)-4.115 G(ore)
-4.115 E .261(complete selection w)69.336 384 R .261
(ould require prohibiti)-.1 F .561 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .262
(ime and core to implement. These functions, along with their).15 F(cor\
responding entry points \(entered via DO \(entry\) NEXT\) are listed be\
lo)69.336 396 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G 2.501(\(1)
77.67 96 S -3.331 1.666(000 \))-.835 H -.32 2.916(.3 <)8.751 H 10.417
(-.)-.735 G 8.332(1p)-7.501 G 2.776(lu)-5.556 G 10.137(s.)-.555 G 1.53
2.916(2, e)-7.221 H 3.336(rr)-.135 G 1.945 2.501(or e)-.835 H -4.166
2.776(xi t)-.705 H 2.5 1.666(on o)6.666 H -3.311 1.796(ve r)-.15 H 1.386
<8d6f>.425 G(w)-1.08 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 108 S -3.331 1.666(009 \))-.835 H
-.32 2.916(.3 <)8.751 H 10.417(-.)-.735 G 8.332(1p)-7.501 G 2.776(lu)
-5.556 G 10.137(s.)-.555 G(2)-7.221 E -.32 2.916(.4 <)124.747 120 T
9.167(-#)-.735 G 9.442(1i)-7.501 G 9.167(fn)-5.831 G 8.332(oo)-7.501 G
-3.311 1.796(ve r)-6.816 H 1.386<8d6f>.425 G 5.05 1.156(w, e)-1.08 H
3.331(ls)1.9 G 9.862(e.)-.83 G 8.012(4<)-6.946 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(2)
-7.501 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 132 S -3.331 1.666(010 \))-.835 H -.32 2.916
(.3 <)8.751 H 10.417(-.)-.735 G 6.942(1m)-7.501 G 2.776(in)-5.556 G
3.195 2.221(us .)-1.11 H 1.25 2.916(2, n).695 H 8.612(oa)-1.25 G -4.726
3.056(ct i)-6.386 H 2.5 1.666(on on o)-.28 H -3.311 1.796(ve r)-.15 H
1.386<8d6f>.425 G(w)-1.08 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 144 S -3.331 1.666(020 \))
-.835 H -.32 2.916(.1 <)8.751 H 10.417(-.)-.735 G 8.332(1p)-7.501 G
2.776(lu)-5.556 G 8.887(s#)-.555 G 1.25 2.916(1, n)-7.221 H 8.612(oa)
-1.25 G -4.726 3.056(ct i)-6.386 H 2.5 1.666(on on o)-.28 H -3.311 1.796
(ve r)-.15 H 1.386<8d6f>.425 G(w)-1.08 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 156 S -3.331
1.666(030 \))-.835 H -.32 2.916(.3 <)8.751 H 10.417(-.)-.735 G 9.442(1t)
-7.501 G 1.386(im)-5.556 G 2.635 2.501(es .)-.83 H 1.53 2.916(2, e).415
H 3.336(rr)-.135 G 1.945 2.501(or e)-.835 H -4.166 2.776(xi t)-.705 H
2.5 1.666(on o)6.666 H -3.311 1.796(ve r)-.15 H 1.386<8d6f>.425 G(w)
-1.08 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 168 S -3.331 1.666(039 \))-.835 H -.32 2.916
(.3 <)8.751 H 10.417(-.)-.735 G 9.442(1t)-7.501 G 1.386(im)-5.556 G
2.635 2.501(es .)-.83 H(2).415 E -.32 2.916(.4 <)124.747 180 T 9.167(-#)
-.735 G 9.442(1i)-7.501 G 9.167(fn)-5.831 G 8.332(oo)-7.501 G -3.311
1.796(ve r)-6.816 H 1.386<8d6f>.425 G 5.05 1.156(w, e)-1.08 H 3.331(ls)
1.9 G 9.862(e.)-.83 G 8.012(4<)-6.946 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(2)-7.501 E
2.501(\(1)77.67 192 S -3.331 1.666(040 \))-.835 H -.32 2.916(.3 <)8.751
H 10.417(-.)-.735 G 8.332(1d)-7.501 G -4.776 2.526(iv i d)-5.556 H 1.94
1.946(ed b)-.58 H 9.582(y.)-.28 G(2)-6.666 E -.32 2.916(.3 <)124.747 204
T 9.167(-#)-.735 G 9.442(0i)-7.501 G 10.417(f.)-5.831 G 9.442(2i)-7.501
G 8.887(s#)-6.111 G(0)-7.221 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 216 S -3.331 1.666
(050 \))-.835 H -.32 2.916(.2 <)8.751 H 10.277(-:)-.735 G 8.332(1d)
-7.501 G -4.776 2.526(iv i d)-5.556 H 1.94 1.946(ed b)-.58 H 9.582(y.)
-.28 G 1.53 2.916(1, e)-6.666 H 3.336(rr)-.135 G 1.945 2.501(or e)-.835
H -4.166 2.776(xi t)-.705 H 2.5 1.666(on o)6.666 H -3.311 1.796(ve r)
-.15 H 1.386<8d6f>.425 G(w)-1.08 E -.32 2.916(.2 <)124.747 228 T 9.167
(-#)-.735 G 9.442(0i)-7.501 G 10.417(f.)-5.831 G 9.442(1i)-7.501 G 8.887
(s#)-6.111 G(0)-7.221 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 252 S -3.331 1.666(500 \))-.835
H -.04 2.776(:3 <)8.611 H 10.277(-:)-.595 G 8.332(1p)-7.501 G 2.776(lu)
-5.556 G 9.997(s:)-.555 G 1.53 2.916(2, e)-7.221 H 3.336(rr)-.135 G
1.945 2.501(or e)-.835 H -4.166 2.776(xi t)-.705 H 2.5 1.666(on o)6.666
H -3.311 1.796(ve r)-.15 H 1.386<8d6f>.425 G(w)-1.08 E 2.501(\(1)77.67
264 S -3.331 1.666(509 \))-.835 H -.04 2.776(:3 <)8.611 H 10.277(-:)
-.595 G 8.332(1p)-7.501 G 2.776(lu)-5.556 G 9.997(s:)-.555 G(2)-7.221 E
-.04 2.776(:4 <)124.607 276 T 9.167(-#)-.595 G 9.442(1i)-7.501 G 9.167
(fn)-5.831 G 8.332(oo)-7.501 G -3.311 1.796(ve r)-6.816 H 1.386<8d6f>
.425 G 5.05 1.156(w, e)-1.08 H 3.331(ls)1.9 G 9.722(e:)-.83 G 8.012(4<)
-6.946 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(2)-7.501 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 288 S -3.331 1.666
(510 \))-.835 H -.04 2.776(:3 <)8.611 H 10.277(-:)-.595 G 6.942(1m)
-7.501 G 2.776(in)-5.556 G 3.055 2.221(us :)-1.11 H 1.25 2.916(2, n).555
H 8.612(oa)-1.25 G -4.726 3.056(ct i)-6.386 H 2.5 1.666(on on o)-.28 H
-3.311 1.796(ve r)-.15 H 1.386<8d6f>.425 G(w)-1.08 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 300
S -3.331 1.666(520 \))-.835 H -.04 2.776(:1 <)8.611 H 10.417(-.)-.595 G
8.612(1c)-7.501 G -3.886 1.666(on c)-6.666 H 3.056(ate).56 G -3.336
1.946(na t ed)-1.11 H -1.946 1.666(wi t)5.276 H 9.582(h.)1.11 G(2)-6.666
E 2.501(\(1)77.67 312 S -3.331 1.666(525 \))-.835 H -1.946 1.111(Th i)
6.946 H 9.442(ss)2.22 G -3.331 1.666(ub r ou)-7.221 H 3.886(ti)1.11 G
3.33 1.946(ne i)-1.11 H 9.997(si)1.385 G -4.996 2.776(nt e)-7.221 H
-3.886 1.666(nd e d)-.83 H -4.166 2.221(so l)7.221 H 3.056(el).835 G
9.167(yf)-.28 G 2.775 2.501(or i)-6.666 H -4.996 2.776(nt e).275 H 2.501
(rn).005 G 3.056(al)-.555 G -4.441 2.221(us e)123.497 324 T -1.946 1.666
(wi t)5.281 H 1.39 2.776(hin th)1.11 H 9.167(es)-.83 G -3.331 1.666
(ub r ou)-6.946 H 3.886(ti)1.11 G 3.33 1.946(ne l)-1.11 H 2.776(ib)1.94
G 2.781(rar)-.275 G 8.612(ya)-.28 G 3.61 1.666(nd i)-6.666 H 9.997(st)
1.665 G -3.611 1.946(he r e f)-7.221 H -4.721 2.501(or e).555 H -3.056
1.666(no t)123.497 336 T -3.891 1.946(de s c)7.776 H 3.611(ri).835 G
1.94 1.946(bed he)-.835 H -4.866 2.781(re .).835 H 3.611(It)7.636 G
9.167(se)-.28 G 3.086(ff)-6.386 G -3.896 2.226(ec t)-.305 H .835 3.331
(is t)8.326 H 8.887(os)-.555 G -4.441 2.776(hi f t)-6.666 H 2.916(.3)
7.916 G 2.776(lo)124.607 348 S -4.996 2.776(gi c)-1.11 H -4.726 3.056
(al l)-.55 H 8.332(y8b)-.28 G 3.886(it)-5.556 G 9.997(st)-.555 G 9.442
(ot)-7.221 G 3.33 1.946(he l)-6.666 H -4.451 2.781(ef t)1.11 H(.)1.245 E
2.501(\(1)77.67 360 S -3.331 1.666(530 \))-.835 H -.04 2.776(:1 <)8.611
H 10.417(-.)-.595 G 9.442(1t)-7.501 G 1.386(im)-5.556 G 2.635 2.501
(es .)-.83 H(2).415 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 372 S -3.331 1.666(540 \))-.835 H
-.04 2.776(:3 <)8.611 H 10.277(-:)-.595 G 9.442(1t)-7.501 G 1.386(im)
-5.556 G 2.495 2.501(es :)-.83 H 1.53 2.916(2, e).275 H 3.336(rr)-.135 G
1.945 2.501(or e)-.835 H -4.166 2.776(xi t)-.705 H 2.5 1.666(on o)6.666
H -3.311 1.796(ve r)-.15 H 1.386<8d6f>.425 G(w)-1.08 E 2.501(\(1)77.67
384 S -3.331 1.666(549 \))-.835 H -.04 2.776(:3 <)8.611 H 10.277(-:)
-.595 G 9.442(1t)-7.501 G 1.386(im)-5.556 G 2.495 2.501(es :)-.83 H(2)
.275 E -.04 2.776(:4 <)124.607 396 T 9.167(-#)-.595 G 9.442(1i)-7.501 G
9.167(fn)-5.831 G 8.332(oo)-7.501 G -3.311 1.796(ve r)-6.816 H 1.386
<8d6f>.425 G 5.05 1.156(w, e)-1.08 H 3.331(ls)1.9 G 9.722(e:)-.83 G
8.012(4<)-6.946 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(2)-7.501 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 408 S
-3.331 1.666(550 \))-.835 H -.04 2.776(:3 <)8.611 H 10.277(-:)-.595 G
8.332(1d)-7.501 G -4.776 2.526(iv i d)-5.556 H 1.94 1.946(ed b)-.58 H
9.442(y:)-.28 G(2)-6.666 E -.04 2.776(:3 <)124.607 420 T 9.167(-#)-.595
G 9.442(0i)-7.501 G 10.277(f:)-5.831 G 9.442(2i)-7.501 G 8.887(s#)-6.111
G(0)-7.221 E 2.501(\(1)77.67 444 S -3.331 1.666(900 \))-.835 H -.32
2.916(.1 <)8.751 H 9.167(-u)-.735 G -4.441 2.776(ni f)-7.501 H 2.501(or)
-.275 G 7.777(mr)-1.39 G 1.946(an)-4.996 G 1.666(do)-.28 G 6.942(mn)
-1.39 G 2.085 2.916(o. f)-5.276 H 2.501(ro).42 G 6.942(m#)-2.225 G 9.442
(0t)-5.276 G 8.332(o#)-6.666 G 1.666(65535)-6.666 G 2.501(\(1)77.67 456
S -3.331 1.666(910 \))-.835 H -.32 2.916(.2 <)8.751 H 9.167(-n)-.735 G
2.501(or)-7.501 G -.556 .556(ma l)-1.39 H 2.781(ra)9.721 G 1.666(ndo)
-.835 G 6.942(mn)-1.39 G 2.085 2.916(o. f)-5.276 H 2.501(ro).42 G 6.942
(m#)-2.225 G 9.442(0t)-5.276 G 9.582(o.)-6.666 G .14 2.916(1, w)-6.666 H
3.886(it)-1.25 G(h)-1.11 E 3.331(st)164.048 468 S 1.946(an)-.275 G
-3.611 1.946(da r)-.28 H 8.332(dd).555 G -3.116 1.696(ev i)-6.386 H
-4.726 3.056(at i)1.36 H 3.75 1.666(on .)-.28 H 8.332(1d)1.25 G -4.776
2.526(iv i d)-5.556 H 1.94 1.946(ed b)-.58 H 8.332(y#)-.28 G 1.666(12)
-6.666 G/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(7.3 A)69.336 492 R(utoma)-.2 E
(gical Inclusion Of The Subr)-.1 E(outine Libr)-.45 E(ary)-.15 E F0 .266
(The C-INTERCAL compiler will automatically include the system library \
if a DO \(1xxx\) NEXT statement)69.336 510 R 1.467
(is used, and if no \(1xxx\) labels are de\214ned an)69.336 522 R 1.467
(ywhere, where \(1xxx\) is a label in the 1000-1999 range,)-.15 F
(inclusi)69.336 534 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(.T).15 G(his w)-2.5 E
(as not an INTERCAL-72 feature.)-.1 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(8. PR)69.336 96 R(OGRAMMING HINTS)-.4 E F0 .769
("If an)94.336 132 R 3.269(yo)-.15 G .769(ne of them can e)-3.269 F .769
(xplain it," said Alice, "I')-.15 F .769(ll gi)-.1 F 1.069 -.15(ve h)
-.25 H .769(im sixpence.).15 F F1(I)3.269 E F0(don')3.269 E 3.269(tb)
-.18 G(elie)-3.269 E 1.069 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(here').15 E 3.269(sa)-.55 G
3.269(na)-3.269 G .769(tom of)-3.269 F .146(meaning in it.")94.336 144 R
.146(The jury all wrote do)5.146 F .146(wn, on their slates, ")-.25 F F1
(She)A F0(doesn')2.646 E 2.646(tb)-.18 G(elie)-2.646 E .447 -.15(ve t)
-.25 H(here').15 E 2.647(sa)-.55 G 2.647(na)-2.647 G .147
(tom of meaning in)-2.647 F(it," b)94.336 156 Q
(ut none of them attempted to e)-.2 E(xplain the paper)-.15 E(.)-.55 E
.58("If there')94.336 174 R 3.08(sn)-.55 G 3.08(om)-3.08 G .58
(eaning in it," said the King, "that sa)-3.08 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.08(saw)
.15 G .58(orld of trouble, you kno)-3.18 F 1.88 -.65(w, a)-.25 H 3.08
(sw).65 G 3.08(en)-3.08 G(eedn')-3.08 E 3.08(tt)-.18 G .58(ry to)-3.08 F
.903(\214nd an)94.336 186 R 2.203 -.65(y. A)-.15 H .903(nd yet, I don')
.65 F 3.403(tk)-.18 G(no)-3.403 E -.65(w,)-.25 G 3.403("h).65 G 3.403
(ew)-3.403 G .903(ent on, spreading out the v)-3.403 F .903
(erses on one knee, and looking at them)-.15 F(with one e)94.336 198 Q
(ye: "I seem to see some meaning in them, after all....")-.15 E -.15(Fo)
69.336 216 S 2.898(rt).15 G .397(he user looking to become more f)-2.898
F .397
(amiliar with the INTERCAL language, we present in this section an)-.1 F
(analysis of a comple)69.336 228 Q 2.5(xp)-.15 G(rogram, as well as som\
e suggested projects for the ambitious programmer)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E .653
(Considering the ef)69.336 246 R .653(fort in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2
E .653(ed in writing an INTERCAL program, it w)-.15 F .654
(as decided in putting together this)-.1 F .431
(manual to use an already e)69.336 258 R .431
(xisting program for instructi)-.15 F .731 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .43
(nalysis. Since there w).15 F .43(as only one such program)-.1 F -.2(av)
69.336 270 S(ailable, we ha)-.05 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.2 H
(roceeded to use it. It is kno).15 E(wn as the "INTERCAL System Library)
-.25 E(.")-.65 E F1 2.5(8.1 Description)69.336 288 R F0 2.335
(The program listing is in section . It is in the same format as w)
69.336 306 R 2.335(ould be produced by the Princeton)-.1 F .104
(INTERCAL compiler in FORMA)69.336 318 R 2.604(Tm)-1.11 G .104
(ode with WIDTH=62 \(see section \). F)-2.604 F .104
(or a description of the functions)-.15 F(performed by the Library)
69.336 330 Q 2.5(,s)-.65 G(ee section .)-2.5 E F1 2.5(8.2 Analysis)
69.336 348 R F0 2.082 -.8(We s)69.336 366 T .482
(hall not attempt to discuss here the algorithms used, b).8 F .482
(ut rather we shall point out some of the general)-.2 F
(techniques applicable to a wide range of problems.)69.336 378 Q 1.603
(Statements 10, 14, 15, and 26 mak)69.336 396 R 4.103(eu)-.1 G 4.103
(pav)-4.103 G 1.603(irtual "computed GO T)-4.103 F 1.603
(O". When statement 10 is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .913
(control passes e)69.336 408 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .914(ntually to statement\
 16 or 11, depending on whether .5 contains #1 or #2, respecti).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E 1.41(The v)69.336 420 R 1.41(alue of .\
5 is determined in statement 9, which demonstrates another handy techni\
que.)-.25 F 3.01 -.8(To t)6.41 H 1.41(urn an).8 F -.15(ex)69.336 432 S
.132(pression, e).15 F .132(xp, with v)-.15 F .132
(alue #0 or #1, into #1 or #2 \(for use in a "GO T)-.25 F .133
(O"\), use "V)-.18 F<ad>-6 -2.4 M('e)2.4 I 2.633(xp'\242#1"~#3. T)-.15 F
2.633(or)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.633 H(rse).25 E
(the condition \(i.e., con)69.336 444 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt #0 to #2 and lea).15 E .3 -.15(ve #)-.2 H 2.5(1a).15 G
(lone\) use "V)-2.5 E<ad>-6 -2.4 M('e)2.4 I(xp'\242#2"~#3.)-.15 E .685
(Certain conditions are easily check)69.336 462 R .684(ed. F)-.1 F .684
(or e)-.15 F .684(xample, to test for zero, select the v)-.15 F .684
(alue from itself and select)-.25 F .041
(the bottom bit \(see statement 54\).)69.336 474 R 1.641 -.8(To t)5.041
H .041(est for all bits being 1').8 F .042(s, select the v)-.55 F .042
(alue from itself and select the top)-.25 F 2.56(bit. The)69.336 486 R
.06
(test for greater than, performed in statements 219 and 220 on 32-bit v)
2.56 F .06(alues, emplo)-.25 F .06(ys binary logical)-.1 F
(operations, which are performed as follo)69.336 498 Q(ws:)-.25 E('V)
69.336 516 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M(.1\242.2'~'#0\242#65535')2.4 I(for 16-bit v)
69.336 534 Q(alues or)-.25 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(or 32-bit v)-2.5 E(alues:)-.25
E("'V)89.336 552 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M
(":1~'#65535\24230'"\242":2~'#65535\242#0'"'~'#0)2.4 I
(\242#65535'"\242"'V)89.336 564 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M
(":1~'#0\242#65535'"\242":2~'#0)2.4 I(\242#65535'"'~'#0\242#65535'")
89.336 576 Q(\(The proofs are left as an e)69.336 594 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(rcise to the reader).15 E(.\))-.55 E -.7(Te)69.336 612 S
(sting for greater).7 E(-than with 16-bit v)-.2 E(alues is some)-.25 E
(what simpler and is done with the pair of statements:)-.25 E
(DO .C <- 'V)89.336 630 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M(.A\242.B'~'#0\242#65535')2.4 I
(DO .C <- '&"'.A~.C'~'"V)89.336 642 Q<ad>-6 -2.4 M('V)2.4 I<ad>-6 -2.4 M
(.C~.C'\242#32768")2.4 I(~"#0\242#65535"'"\242".C~.C"'~#1)109.336 654 Q
.918(This sets .C \(a dummy v)69.336 672 R .918
(ariable\) to #1 if .A > .B, and #0 otherwise. The e)-.25 F .918
(xpression may be e)-.15 F .918(xpanded as)-.15 F(described abo)69.336
684 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(oi).15 G(nstead set .C to #1 or #2.)-2.5 E
1.882(Note also in statement 220 the occurrence of ~"#65535\242#65535".\
 Although these operations select the)69.336 702 R 1.148(entire v)69.336
714 R 1.148(alue, the)-.25 F 3.648(ya)-.15 G 1.148(re not e)-3.648 F
1.148(xtraneous, as the)-.15 F 3.648(ye)-.15 G 1.148
(nsure that the forthcoming V)-3.648 F<ad>-6 -2.4 M 3.648(sw)2.4 K 1.149
(ill be operating on 32-bit)-3.648 F -.25(va)69.336 726 S(lues.).25 E 0
Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2)274.506 48 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G .836(In se)
69.336 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .836(ral virtual computed GO T).15 F .835
(Os the DO FORGET #1 \(statement 15 in the earlier e)-.18 F .835
(xample\) has been)-.15 F .003(omitted, since the ne)69.336 108 R .003
(xt transfer of control w)-.15 F .003(ould be a DO RESUME #1.)-.1 F .003
(By making this a DO RESUME #2)5.003 F(instead, the FORGET may be for)
69.336 120 Q(gotten.)-.18 E(In statement 64, note that .2 is ST)69.336
138 Q(ASHed twice by a single statement. This is perfectly le)-.93 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(l.).05 E(Lastly)69.336 156 Q 4.82(,n)-.65 G 2.32
(ote in statements 243 and 214 respecti)-4.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
4.82(,e)-.65 G 2.32(xpressions for shifting 16- and 32-bit v)-4.97 F
(ariables)-.25 E(logically one place to the left.)69.336 168 Q
(Statement 231 demonstrates right-shifting for 32-bit v)5 E(ariables.)
-.25 E 0 Cg EP
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(mL).15 G(isting)-2.5 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-3)274.506 48 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G 69.161(1\()
103.499 96 S -3.331 1.666(1000 \))-66.66 H .831(PL)13.887 G -2.226 .001
(EA S)-.275 H 8.612(EI).83 G -1.671 -.554(GNO R)-7.221 H 9.027(E.).83 G
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(AS E)-.555 H -1.391 -.279(AB S)6.391 H .749 -.929(TA I N)1.11 H .551
(FR)7.871 G 7.5 -1.389(OM \()-1.23 H -3.331 1.666(1005 \))3.89 H 69.161
(3\()103.499 120 S -3.331 1.666(1009 \))-66.66 H 5.55 -.554(DO S)13.057
H -.366 -.929(TA S H)1.385 H -.32 2.916(.1 +)9.401 H -.32 2.916(.2 +)
6.346 H -.32 2.916(.5 +)6.346 H 2.916(.6)6.346 G 120.544(4D)103.499 132
S 8.472(O.)-121.098 G 8.012(4<)-5.556 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(1)-7.501 E
120.544(5D)103.499 144 S 8.057(O\()-121.098 G -3.331 1.666(1004 \))
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(1004 \))-66.66 H .831(PL)13.887 G -2.226 .001(EA S)-.275 H 7.497(EF).83
G -1.941 -.279(ORG E)-7.221 H 7.777(T#).835 G(1)-6.111 E 120.544(7D)
103.499 168 S 8.472(O.)-121.098 G 8.012(3<)-5.556 G 10.002(-')-5.831 G
(V)-8.611 E<ad>-5.764 -2.4 M 2.916(.1)2.596 2.4 O 2.916(\242.2)-1.25 G
3.336('~')-.415 G -3.331 1.666(#0\242#65535 ')-.835 H 120.544(8D)103.499
180 S 8.472(O.)-121.098 G 8.012(6<)-5.556 G 10.002(-')-5.831 G -2.636
1.526(&. 1)-8.891 H 2.916(\242.2).14 G 3.336('~')-.415 G -3.331 1.666
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(-")-5.831 G(V)-8.611 E<ad>-5.764 -2.4 M 2.501(!6~#)2.181 2.4 O -3.331
1.666(32768 ' \242#1)-.835 H 2.961("~).46 G 1.666(#3)-.46 G 114.712
1.666(10 D)96.833 204 T 8.057(O\()-2.22 G -3.331 1.666(1002 \))-5.556 H
.001(NEXT)6.391 G 114.712 1.666(11 D)96.833 216 T 8.472(O.)-2.22 G 8.012
(4<)-5.556 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(2)-7.501 E 63.329 1.666(12 \()96.833 228
T -3.331 1.666(1005 \)).835 H 6.665 -.554(DO \()13.057 H -3.331 1.666
(1006 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G 21.664(*1)70.169 240 S 69.161(3\()
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3.055 .556(LE O).83 H 7.217(RS)-.835 G 1.391(IN)-4.996 G -1.946 .001
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4.72 -.554(ON O)-.83 H -2.226 .001(VE R)-.5 H .831(FL).55 G -2.014(OW)
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-.554(DO \()13.057 H -3.331 1.666(1001 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G
63.329 1.666(15 \()96.833 264 T -3.331 1.666(1006 \)).835 H .831(PL)
13.887 G -2.226 .001(EA S)-.275 H 7.497(EF).83 G -1.941 -.279(ORG E)
-7.221 H 7.777(T#).835 G(1)-6.111 E 114.712 1.666(16 D)96.833 276 T
8.472(O.)-2.22 G 8.012(5<)-5.556 G 10.002(-')-5.831 G(V)-8.611 E<ad>
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(6' ~#).415 H 2.126(1"\242)-.835 G -3.331 1.666(#1 ')-.46 H 2.501(~#)
1.67 G(3)-.835 E 114.712 1.666(17 D)96.833 288 T 8.057(O\()-2.22 G
-3.331 1.666(1003 \))-5.556 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G 114.712 1.666(18 D)
96.833 300 T 8.472(O.)-2.22 G 8.012(1<)-5.556 G 10.417(-.)-5.831 G(3)
-7.501 E 114.712 1.666(19 D)96.833 312 T 8.472(O.)-2.22 G 8.012(2<)
-5.556 G 10.002(-!)-5.831 G -3.331 1.666(6\242#0 ')-7.501 H 3.336(~')
1.67 G -3.331 1.666(#32767\242#1 ')-.835 H 114.712 1.666(20 D)96.833 324
T 8.057(O\()-2.22 G -3.331 1.666(1004 \))-5.556 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G
63.329 1.666(21 \()96.833 336 T -3.331 1.666(1003 \)).835 H 6.665 -.554
(DO \()13.057 H -3.331 1.666(1001 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G 114.712
1.666(22 D)96.833 348 T 6.387(OR)-2.22 G 1.946(EI)-6.111 G -2.221 .276
(NS T)-.555 H .274 -1.109(AT E)-1.205 H 2.501(\(1)9.721 G -3.331 1.666
(005 \))-.835 H 63.329 1.666(23 \()96.833 360 T -3.331 1.666(1007 \))
.835 H .831(PL)13.887 G -2.226 .001(EA S)-.275 H 6.942(ER).83 G .556(ET)
-6.666 G -3.886 1.666(RI E)-.28 H 6.525 .001(VE .)-1.665 H -9.262 8.012
(1+ .)2.915 H -9.262 8.012(2+ .)-5.096 H -9.262 8.012(5+ .)-5.096 H(6)
-5.096 E 114.712 1.666(24 D)96.833 372 T 6.387(OR)-2.22 G -.834(EMEM)
-6.111 G 5.695 .276(BER .)-.28 H(4)2.64 E 115.542 1.666(25 P)96.833 384
T .556(LE)-.835 G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H -2.221 .276(RE SU)6.666 H
6.945 -.834(ME #)-1.665 H(2)2.5 E 63.329 1.666(26 \()96.833 396 T -3.331
1.666(1001 \)).835 H 4.995 -.554(DO R)13.057 H .831(ES).83 G -.556
-1.389(UM E)-.555 H 2.916(.5)10.416 G 63.329 1.666(27 \()96.833 408 T
-3.331 1.666(1010 \)).835 H 5.55 -.554(DO S)13.057 H -.366 -.929(TA S H)
1.385 H -.32 2.916(.1 +)9.401 H -.32 2.916(.2 +)6.346 H 2.916(.4)6.346 G
114.712 1.666(28 D)96.833 420 T 8.472(O.)-2.22 G 8.012(4<)-5.556 G
10.417(-.)-5.831 G(1)-7.501 E 114.712 1.666(29 D)96.833 432 T 8.472(O.)
-2.22 G 8.012(1<)-5.556 G 10.002(-')-5.831 G(V)-8.611 E<ad>-5.764 -2.4 M
2.916(.2)2.596 2.4 O -3.331 1.666(\242#65535 ')-1.25 H 3.336(~')1.67 G
-3.331 1.666(#0\242#65535 ')-.835 H 114.712 1.666(30 D)96.833 444 T
8.057(O\()-2.22 G -3.331 1.666(1020 \))-5.556 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G
115.542 1.666(31 P)96.833 456 T .556(LE)-.835 G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H
7.08 -.554(DO .)6.391 H 8.012(2<)3.47 G 10.417(-.)-5.831 G(4)-7.501 E
115.542 1.666(32 P)96.833 468 T .556(LE)-.835 G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H
6.665 -.554(DO \()6.391 H -3.331 1.666(1009 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G
114.712 1.666(33 D)96.833 480 T 6.387(OR)-2.22 G .556(ET)-6.111 G -3.886
1.666(RI E)-.28 H 6.525 .001(VE .)-1.665 H -9.262 8.012(1+ .)2.915 H
-9.262 8.012(2+ .)-5.096 H(4)-5.096 E 115.542 1.666(34 P)96.833 492 T
.556(LE)-.835 G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H -2.221 .276(RE SU)6.666 H 6.945
-.834(ME #)-1.665 H(1)2.5 E 63.329 1.666(35 \()96.833 504 T -3.331 1.666
(1020 \)).835 H 5.55 -.554(DO S)13.057 H -.366 -.929(TA S H)1.385 H -.32
2.916(.2 +)9.401 H 2.916(.3)6.346 G 114.712 1.666(36 D)96.833 516 T
8.472(O.)-2.22 G 8.012(2<)-5.556 G 9.167(-#)-5.831 G(1)-7.501 E 115.542
1.666(37 P)96.833 528 T .556(LE)-.835 G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H 6.665
-.554(DO \()6.391 H -3.331 1.666(1021 \))3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G
63.329 1.666(38 \()96.833 540 T -3.331 1.666(1021 \)).835 H 5.55 -.554
(DO F)13.057 H -1.941 -.279(ORG E).83 H 7.777(T#).835 G(1)-6.111 E
114.712 1.666(39 D)96.833 552 T 8.472(O.)-2.22 G 8.012(3<)-5.556 G 9.627
(-")-5.831 G(V)-8.611 E<ad>-5.764 -2.4 M -3.751 2.501(!1~ .)2.181 2.4 P
2.501(2'\242).415 G -3.706 1.666(#1 ")-.835 H 2.501(~#)1.295 G(3)-.835 E
115.542 1.666(40 P)96.833 564 T .556(LE)-.835 G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H
7.08 -.554(DO .)6.391 H 8.012(1<)3.47 G 10.002(-')-5.831 G(V)-8.611 E
<ad>-5.764 -2.4 M 2.916(.1)2.596 2.4 O 2.916(\242.2)-1.25 G 3.336('~')
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576 T 8.057(O\()-2.22 G -3.331 1.666(1022 \))-5.556 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G
114.712 1.666(42 D)96.833 588 T 8.472(O.)-2.22 G 8.012(2<)-5.556 G
10.002(-!)-5.831 G -3.331 1.666(2\242#0 ')-7.501 H 3.336(~')1.67 G
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8.057(O\()-2.22 G -3.331 1.666(1021 \))-5.556 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G 63.329
1.666(44 \()96.833 612 T -3.331 1.666(1023 \)).835 H .831(PL)13.887 G
-2.226 .001(EA S)-.275 H 6.942(ER).83 G .831(ES)-6.666 G -.556 -1.389
(UM E)-.555 H 2.916(.3)10.416 G 63.329 1.666(45 \()96.833 624 T -3.331
1.666(1022 \)).835 H 6.665 -.554(DO \()13.057 H -3.331 1.666(1023 \))
3.055 H .001(NEXT)6.391 G 115.542 1.666(46 P)96.833 636 T .556(LE)-.835
G -2.221 .276(AS E)-.555 H -2.496 .276(RE TR)6.666 H 1.946(IE)1.39 G
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-3)274.506 48 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G/F1 10
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(mming Sug).15 E -.1(ge)-.1 G(stions).1 E F0 -.15(Fo)69.336 114 S 3.92
(rt).15 G 1.42(he no)-3.92 F 1.42(vice INTERCAL programmer)-.15 F 3.921
(,w)-.4 G 3.921(ep)-3.921 G(ro)-3.921 E 1.421
(vide here a list of suggested INTERCAL programming)-.15 F(projects:)
69.336 126 Q(Write an inte)69.336 144 Q(ger e)-.15 E
(xponentiation subroutine.)-.15 E(:1 <- .1 raised to the .2 po)5 E(wer)
-.25 E(.)-.55 E 2.738(Write a double-precision sorting subroutine. Gi)
69.336 162 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.237(n3).15 G 2.737
(2-bit array ;1 of size :1, sort the contents into)-5.237 F
(numerically increasing order)69.336 174 Q 2.5(,l)-.4 G(ea)-2.5 E
(ving the results in ;1.)-.2 E(Generate a table of prime numbers.)69.336
192 Q .031(Put together a \215oating-point library)69.336 210 R 2.531
(,u)-.65 G .031(sing 32-bit v)-2.531 F .032
(ariables to represent \215oating-point numbers \(let the upper)-.25 F
.417(half be the mantissa and the lo)69.336 222 R .417
(wer half be the characteristic\).)-.25 F .416
(The library should be capable of performing)5.416 F
(\215oating-point addition, subtraction, multiplication, and di)69.336
234 Q(vision, as well as the natural log)-.25 E(arithm function.)-.05 E
1.019(Program a F)69.336 252 R 1.019(ast F)-.15 F 1.019(ourier T)-.15 F
1.019(ransform \(FFT\).)-.35 F 1.019(This project w)6.019 F 1.02
(ould probably entail the writing of the \215oating-)-.1 F
(point library as well as sine and cosine functions.)69.336 264 Q
(Calculate, to :1 places, the v)69.336 282 Q(alue of pi.)-.25 E(\(W)
69.336 300 Q .378(orking programs for each of these projects are includ\
ed in the C-INTERCAL distrib)-.8 F(ution')-.2 E 2.877(sp)-.55 G .377
(it directory)-2.877 F(of sample code.\))69.336 312 Q 0 Cg EP
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.205(Alice felt dreadfully puzzled. The Hatter')94.336 132 R 2.705(sr)
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2.705(os).15 G .205(ort of meaning in it, and yet it)-2.705 F -.1(wa)
94.336 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(ertainly English. "I don')-2.5 E 2.5(tq)-.18 G
(uite understand you," she said, as politely as she could.)-2.5 E .095
(Due to INTERCAL)69.336 162 R 1.195 -.55('s i)-.92 H .094(mplementation\
 of comment lines \(see section 4.5\), most error messages are produced)
.55 F .341(during e)69.336 174 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .341
(cution instead of during compilation.).15 F .342(All errors e)5.341 F
.342(xcept those not causing immediate termination)-.15 F(of program e)
69.336 186 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution are treated as f).15 E(atal.)-.1 E F1
2.5(9.1 F)69.336 204 R(ormat)-1.05 E F0
(All error messages appear in the follo)69.336 222 Q(wing form:)-.25 E
(ICLnnnI \(error message\))89.336 240 Q(ON THE W)109.336 252 Q 2.1 -1.05
(AY T)-1.2 H 2.5(OS).87 G -.93(TA)-2.5 G(TEMENT nnnn)-.18 E
(CORRECT SOURCE AND RESUBMIT)109.336 264 Q 1.421(The message v)69.336
282 R 1.421(aries depending upon the error in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2
E 3.921(ed. F)-.15 F 1.42(or undecodable statements the message is the)
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(The second line tells which statement w)6.088 F 1.089(ould ha)-.1 F
1.389 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.089(een e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cuted ne)
.15 F 1.089(xt had the error not)-.15 F 2.79(occurred. Note)69.336 306 R
.29(that if the error is due to 80 attempted le)2.79 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.29(ls of NEXT).15 F .29(ing, the statement which w)-.35 F .29(ould ha)
-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been e)69.336 318 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted ne).15 E
(xt need not be an)-.15 E(ywhere near the statement causing the error)
-.15 E(.)-.55 E F1 2.5(9.2 Messa)69.336 336 R -.1(ge)-.1 G(s).1 E F0
(Brief descriptions of the dif)69.336 354 Q
(ferent error types are listed belo)-.25 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G
(ccording to message number)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 2.5(000 An)74.336 372 R .844
(undecodable statement has been encountered in the course of e)3.343 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .844(cution. Note that k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(punching).15
E 2.208(errors can be slightly disastrous, since if 'FORGET' were missp\
elled F-O-R-G-E-R, the results)94.336 384 R -.1(wo)94.336 396 S 3.597
(uld probably not be those desired. Extreme misspellings may ha).1 F
3.898 -.15(ve e)-.2 H -.15(ve)-.1 G 6.098(nm).15 G 3.598(ore surprising)
-6.098 F(consequences. F)94.336 408 Q(or e)-.15 E
(xample, misspelling 'FORGET' R-E-S-U-M-E could ha)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve d)
-.2 H(rastic results.).15 E 2.5(017 An)74.336 426 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
(pression contains a syntax error).15 E(.)-.55 E 2.5(079 Improper)74.336
444 R(use has been made of statement identi\214ers.)2.5 E 2.5
(099 Improper)74.336 462 R
(use has been made of statement identi\214ers.)2.5 E 2.5(123 Program)
74.336 480 R(has attempted 80 le)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of NEXT).15 E
(ing.)-.35 E 2.5(129 Program)74.336 498 R
(has attempted to transfer to a non-e)2.5 E(xistent line label.)-.15 E
2.5(139 An)74.336 516 R(ABST)2.5 E(AIN or REINST)-.93 E -1.11(AT)-.93 G
2.5(Es)1.11 G(tatement references a non-e)-2.5 E(xistent line label.)
-.15 E 2.5(182 A)74.336 534 R(line label has been multiply de\214ned.)
2.5 E 2.5(197 An)74.336 552 R(in)2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid line label has been encountered.).25 E 2.5(200 An)74.336 570 R -.15
(ex)2.5 G(pression in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E(es an unidenti\214ed v)
-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E 2.5(240 An)74.336 588 R
(attempt has been made to gi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.5(na).15 G
(rray a dimension of zero.)-2.5 E 2.5(241 In)74.336 606 R -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid dimensioning information w).25 E
(as supplied in de\214ning or using an array)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 2.5(275 A)
74.336 624 R(32-bit v)2.5 E(alue has been assigned to a 16-bit v)-.25 E
(ariable.)-.25 E 2.5(436 A)74.336 642 R(retrie)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5
(lh).25 G(as been attempted for an unST)-2.5 E(ASHed v)-.93 E(alue.)-.25
E 2.5(533 A)74.336 660 R 1.228(WRITE IN statement or interlea)3.729 F
1.528 -.15(ve \()-.2 H 1.228(\242\) operation has produced a v).15 F
1.228(alue requiring o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.728(r3).15 G 3.728(2b)
-3.728 G 1.228(its to)-3.728 F(represent.)94.336 672 Q 2.5(562 Insuf)
74.336 690 R(\214cient data.)-.25 E 2.5(579 Input)74.336 708 R
(data is in)2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-3)274.506 48 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G 2.5(621 The)
74.336 96 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(pression of a RESUME statement e).15 E -.25
(va)-.25 G(luated to #0.).25 E 2.5(632 Program)74.336 114 R -.15(exe)2.5
G(cution w).15 E
(as terminated via a RESUME statement instead of GIVE UP)-.1 E(.)-1.11 E
2.5(633 Ex)74.336 132 R(ecution has passed be)-.15 E
(yond the last statement of the program.)-.15 E 2.5(774 A)74.336 150 R
(compiler error has occurred \(see section \).)2.5 E 2.5(778 An)74.336
168 R(une)2.5 E(xplainable compiler error has occurred.)-.15 E
(The follo)69.336 180 Q(wing error codes are ne)-.25 E 2.5(wi)-.25 G 2.5
(nC)-2.5 G(-INTERCAL:)-2.5 E 2.5(111 Y)74.336 198 R
(ou tried to use a C-INTERCAL e)-1.1 E
(xtension with the `traditional' \215ag on.)-.15 E 2.5(127 Can')74.336
216 R 2.5<748c>-.18 G(nd syslib)-2.5 E(.i \214le when it')-.4 E 2.5(sn)
-.55 G(eeded for magical inclusion.)-2.5 E 2.5(222 Out)74.336 234 R
(of stash space, or attempt to stash an undeclared array)2.5 E(.)-.65 E
2.5(333 T)74.336 252 R(oo man)-.8 E 2.5(yv)-.15 G(ariables.)-2.75 E 2.5
(444 A)74.336 270 R(COME FR)2.5 E(OM statement references a non-e)-.4 E
(xistent line label.)-.15 E 2.5(555 More)74.336 288 R(than one COME FR)
2.5 E(OM references the same label.)-.4 E 2.5(666 T)74.336 306 R(oo man)
-.8 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ource lines.)-2.5 E 2.5(777 No)74.336 324 R
(such source \214le.)2.5 E 2.5(888 Can')74.336 342 R 2.5(to)-.18 G
(pen C output \214le.)-2.5 E 2.5(999 Can')74.336 360 R 2.5(to)-.18 G
(pen C sk)-2.5 E(eleton \214le.)-.1 E 2.5(998 Source)74.336 378 R
(\214le name with in)2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid e).25 E
(xtension \(use .i or .[2-7]i\).)-.15 E 2.5(997 Ille)74.336 396 R -.05
(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lp).05 G(ossession of a controlled unary operator)-2.5 E
(.)-.55 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-3)274.506 48 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(10. The)69.336 96 R(C-INTERCAL Compiler)2.5 E F0
("And yet it w)94.336 132 Q(as a v)-.1 E(ery cle)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.5(rp).15 G(udding to in)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(nt.").15 E .672
("What did you mean it to be made of?" Alice ask)94.336 150 R .673
(ed, hoping to cheer him up, for the poor Knight seemed)-.1 F(quite lo)
94.336 162 Q(w-spirited about it.)-.25 E("It be)94.336 180 Q -.05(ga)
-.15 G 2.5(nw).05 G(ith blotting-paper)-2.5 E
(," the Knight answered with a groan.)-.4 E("That w)94.336 198 Q(ouldn')
-.1 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G 2.5(ev)-2.5 G(ery nice, I'm afraid --")-2.65 E .223
("Not v)94.336 216 R .223(ery nice)-.15 F F1(alone)2.723 E F0 .223
(," he interrupted, quite eagerly)B 2.723(,")-.65 G -.2(bu)-2.723 G
2.723(ty).2 G(ou')-2.723 E .523 -.15(ve n)-.5 H 2.723(oi).15 G .223
(dea what a dif)-2.723 F .223(ference it mak)-.25 F .222(es, mixing)-.1
F(it with other things -- such as gunpo)94.336 228 Q(wder and sealing-w)
-.25 E(ax.")-.1 E .505
(This section describes the use of ick, the C-INTERCAL compiler)69.336
246 R 3.005(.I)-.55 G .506(nformation speci\214c to the other kno)-3.005
F(wn)-.25 E 1.475(INTERCAL compilers appears in the follo)69.336 258 R
1.475(wing sections. These sections are less useful, since the other)
-.25 F 1.615(compilers are no longer a)69.336 270 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.615
(ilable, b).25 F 1.615(ut the)-.2 F 4.115(ya)-.15 G 1.615
(re retained to pro)-4.115 F 1.615(vide a sense of history)-.15 F 4.116
(,a)-.65 G 1.616(nd because an)-4.116 F(y)-.15 E(information re)69.336
282 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(rding INTERCAL is really too scarce to discard.).05
E F1 2.5(10.1 Char)69.336 300 R(acter Set)-.15 E F0 1.179
(The C-INTERCAL compiler uses ASCII rather than EBCDIC. W)69.336 318 R
3.679(ef)-.8 G(ollo)-3.679 E 3.679(wt)-.25 G 1.179
(he Atari implementation \(see)-3.679 F .49
(section \) by \(a\) replacing the change sign \(\242\) with big mone)
69.336 330 R 2.99(y\()-.15 G .49($\) as the mingle operator)-2.99 F 2.99
(,a)-.4 G .49(nd \(b\) replacing)-2.99 F(the bookw)69.336 342 Q(orm \(V)
-.1 E<ad>-6 -2.4 M 2.5(\)s)2.4 K
(ymbol with what \(?\) as the XOR operator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -1.11(Ve)
69.336 360 S .133(rsion 0.18 and later v)1.11 F .132(ersions accept the\
 Latin-1 \(ISO 8859-1\) character set, which is a superset of ASCII.)
-.15 F(As a result, 0xA2 \(\242\), 0xA3 \(quid\), and 0xA4 \(zlotnik\) \
are accepted as mingle operators.)69.336 372 Q -1.11(Ve)69.336 390 S
.871(rsion 0.20 and later v)1.11 F .871
(ersions also accept UTF-8 as an alternati)-.15 F 1.171 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
3.371(oL).15 G 3.372(atin-1. The)-3.371 F(abo)3.372 E 1.172 -.15(ve t)
-.15 H .872(hree currenc).15 F(y)-.15 E .424
(operators will be accepted in either Latin-1 or UTF-8 format.)69.336
402 R .424(UTF-8 format is required if you wish to use)5.424 F(an)69.336
414 Q 3.519(yo)-.15 G 3.519(fE)-3.519 G(UR)-3.519 E 1.019
(O-CURRENCY SIGN, COLON SIGN \(that')-.4 F 3.519(sC)-.55 G 1.019
(osta Rican dinero, not the Intercal tw)-3.519 F(o-spot\),)-.1 E(CR)
69.336 426 Q(UZEIR)-.4 E 3.351(OS)-.4 G .851
(IGN, FRENCH FRANC SIGN, LIRA SIGN, MILL SIGN, N)-3.351 F .851
(AIRA SIGN, PESET)-.35 F 3.35(AS)-.93 G(IGN,)-3.35 E -.4(RU)69.336 438 S
2.154(PEE SIGN, W).4 F 2.154(ON SIGN, NEW SHEQEL SIGN, DONG SIGN, EUR)
-.1 F 4.654(OS)-.4 G 2.155(IGN, BENGALI R)-4.654 F(UPEE)-.4 E 1.481
(MARK, BENGALI R)69.336 450 R 1.481
(UPEE SIGN, or THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL B)-.4 F(AHT)-.35 E 6.481(.\()-.74 G
(Isn')-6.481 E 3.981(ti)-.18 G(nternationalization)-3.981 E -.1(wo)
69.336 462 S 2.5(nderful?\) Furthermore,).1 F(you can use the Intercal \
character FOR ALL to represent the what operator)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 2.5
(10.2 Usa)69.336 480 R .2 -.1(ge a)-.1 H(nd Compilation Options).1 E F0
1.6 -.8(To c)69.336 498 T(ompile an INTERCAL program `foo.i' to e).8 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable code, just do).15 E(ick foo.i)89.336 522 Q
(There')69.336 546 Q 3.762(sa-)-.55 G 3.762(co)-3.762 G 1.262
(ption that lea)-3.762 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.762(st).15 G 1.263(he generate\
d C code in place for inspection \(suppressing compilation to)-3.762 F
.401(machine code\), a -d option that enables v)69.336 558 R .401
(erbose parse reporting from the yacc/bison parser)-.15 F 2.9(,a-)-.4 G
2.9(to)-2.9 G .4(ption that)-2.9 F .265
(requires strict INTERCAL-72 compliance \(rejecting COME FR)69.336 570 R
.265(OM and the e)-.4 F .266(xtensions for bases other than)-.15 F(tw)
69.336 582 Q .982
(o\), a -b option that disables the INTERCAL-72 random-b)-.1 F .982
(ug feature \(error 774\), and an -O option that)-.2 F
(enables the \(hah!\) optimizer)69.336 594 Q 2.5(.I)-.55 G -1.9 -.4
(nv o)-2.5 H(king ick -? prints a usage message.).4 E 1.696
(Another compilation switch af)69.336 612 R 1.696(fects C-INTERCAL)-.25
F 2.797 -.55('s r)-.92 H 1.697(untime beha).55 F(vior)-.2 E 4.197(.T)
-.55 G 1.697(he `-C' option forces output in)-4.197 F("clockf)69.336 624
Q 1.744(ace" mode, for superstitious users who belie)-.1 F 2.043 -.15
(ve w)-.25 H 1.743(riting "IV" upside-do).15 F 1.743(wn of)-.25 F 1.743
(fends IVPITER and)-.25 F -.1(wo)69.336 636 S(uld rather see IIII.).1 E
F1 2.5(10.3 Runtime)69.336 654 R(Options)2.5 E F0(Ev)69.336 672 Q 4.84
(ery C-INTERCAL runtime also accepts certain options at runtime.)-.15 F
4.84(These include [+/-]help,)9.84 F .696
([+/-]traditional, and [+/-]wimpmode.)69.336 684 R .696
(The help option \(with either + or -\) triggers a 'usage' message. The)
5.696 F(+traditional option is presently a no-op.)69.336 696 Q(Ste)
69.336 714 Q 1.916 -.15(ve ex)-.25 H 1.616(plains: "The wimpmode option\
 is the most interesting. I found myself al).15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.616
(ys running my test).1 F .002(programs with \214lters on both ends to w)
69.336 726 R .002
(ork around the 'nifty' INTERCAL number representations. This w)-.1 F
(as)-.1 E .457(so painful that I decided it w)69.336 738 R .457(ould be)
-.1 F F1(less)2.957 E F0 .457
(painful \(and a lot less code\) if I added a 'wimp' option. W)2.957 F
.458(ith the)-.4 F 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4)274.506 48 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G .658(+wimpmod\
e option, the user is subjected to a humiliating message about what a w\
imp he or she is to use)69.336 96 R .884(this mode, b)69.336 108 R .884
(ut after that is allo)-.2 F .884(wed to use con)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G
.885(ntional numerical notation. While such a mode doubtless).15 F .436
(violates to some e)69.336 120 R .436(xtent the INTERCAL philosoph)-.15
F 1.736 -.65(y, t)-.05 H .436(he f).65 F .436(act that an 'unb)-.1 F
.436(utcher' command has been posted)-.2 F .096
(clearly indicates the need for it. An)69.336 132 R(yw)-.15 E .097
(ay ... if you don')-.1 F 2.597(tl)-.18 G(ik)-2.597 E 2.597(ei)-.1 G
.097(t, don')-2.597 F 2.597(tu)-.18 G .097(se it ... the def)-2.597 F
.097(ault is -wimpmode \(i.e.)-.1 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(not)69.336
144 Q F0(wimp mode\).")2.5 E F1 2.5(10.4 PLEASE)69.336 162 R -.8(Po)2.5
G(litesse Chec).8 E(king)-.2 E F0 3.257(Af)69.336 180 S .757
(eature of INTERCAL-72 not documented in the original manual w)-3.257 F
.756(as that it required a certain le)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.256(lo).15
G(f)-3.256 E 2.287(politesse from the programmer)69.336 192 R 4.788(.I)
-.55 G 4.788(ff)-4.788 G -.25(ew)-4.788 G 2.288
(er than 1/5th of the program statements included the PLEASE).25 F
(quali\214er)69.336 204 Q 4.669(,t)-.4 G 2.169(he program w)-4.669 F
2.169(ould be rejected as insuf)-.1 F 2.168
(\214ciently polite. If more than 1/3rd of them included)-.25 F
(PLEASE, the program w)69.336 216 Q(ould be rejected as e)-.1 E(xcessi)
-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly polite.).15 E .078
(This check has been implemented in C-INTERCAL. T)69.336 234 R 2.579(oa)
-.8 G .079(ssist programmers in coping with it, the intercal.el)-2.579 F
.692(mode included with the distrib)69.336 246 R .691(ution randomly e)
-.2 F .691(xpands "do " in entered source to "PLEASE DO" 1/4th of)-.15 F
(the time.)69.336 258 Q F1 2.5(10.5 Localization:)69.336 276 R
(Ancient Roman)2.5 E F0 -1.11(Ve)69.336 294 S 1.012
(rsion 0.18 and later v)1.11 F 1.012(ersions of C-Intercal ha)-.15 F
1.312 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.013
(een localized for Ancient Roman as well as English-).15 F 1.188
(speaking locales.)69.336 306 R 1.188(This means that Latin-language k)
6.188 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G 1.188(rds are accepted as equi).1 F
-.25(va)-.25 G 1.187(lents for the English-).25 F 1.432
(based ones traditionally used.)69.336 318 R 1.432(See src/le)6.432 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G -.55(r.).15 G 3.932(lf).55 G 1.433
(or details, as we do not propose to break Priscian')-3.932 F 3.933(sh)
-.55 G(ead)-3.933 E(\(publicly e)69.336 330 Q
(xpose our ignorance of Latin\) here.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4)274.506 48 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(11. The)69.336 96 R(Atari Implementation)2.5 E F0
1.353("Perhaps it doesn')94.336 132 R 3.853(tu)-.18 G 1.353
(nderstand English," thought Alice. "I daresay it')-3.853 F 3.853(sa)
-.55 G 1.352(French mouse, come o)-.001 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.852(rw).15 G
(ith)-3.852 E -.4(Wi)94.336 144 S .666(lliam the Conqueror).4 F .666
(." \(F)-.55 F(or)-.15 E 3.166(,w)-.4 G .666(ith all her kno)-3.166 F
.666(wledge of history)-.25 F 3.167(,A)-.65 G .667(lice had no v)-3.167
F .667(ery clear notion ho)-.15 F 3.167(wl)-.25 G(ong)-3.167 E(ago an)
94.336 156 Q(ything had happened.\))-.15 E .182
(The Atari implementation of INTERCAL dif)69.336 174 R .182
(fers from the original Princeton v)-.25 F .182
(ersion primarily in the use of)-.15 F 1.235(ASCII rather than EBCDIC. \
Since there is no "change" sign \(\242\) in ASCII, we ha)69.336 186 R
1.535 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.235(ubstituted the "big).15 F(mone)69.336 198 Q
.566(y" \($\) as the mingle operator)-.15 F 3.066(.W)-.55 G 3.066(ef)
-3.866 G .566
(eel that this correctly represents the increasing cost of softw)-3.066
F .565(are in)-.1 F .837(relation to hardw)69.336 210 R .837
(are. \(Consider that in 1970 one could get R)-.1 F .837
(UNOFF for free, to run on a $20K machine,)-.4 F .838
(whereas today a not quite as po)69.336 222 R .838
(werful formatter costs $99 and runs on a $75 machine.\) W)-.25 F 3.338
(ea)-.8 G .837(lso feel that)-3.338 F 1.748
(there should be no defensible contention that INTERCAL has an)69.336
234 R 4.248(ys)-.15 G 4.248(ense. Also,)-4.248 F 1.748(since o)4.248 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(rpunches are).15 F(dif)69.336 246 Q .78
(\214cult to read on the a)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .78(rage VDT).15 F 3.28
(,t)-.74 G .78(he e)-3.28 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .78
(-or operator may be written ?. This correctly e).15 F(xpresses)-.15 E
.576(the a)69.336 258 R -.15(ve)-.2 G .576(rage person').15 F 3.076(sr)
-.55 G .576(eaction on \214rst encountering e)-3.076 F(xclusi)-.15 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(-or).15 E 3.077(,e)-.4 G .577
(specially on a PDP-11. Note that in both)-3.077 F 2.384
(of these cases, the o)69.336 270 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G 2.383(p\
unched symbol may also be used if one is masochistic, or concerned with)
.2 F 1.879(portability to the Princeton compiler)69.336 282 R 4.379(.T)
-.55 G 1.879(he correct o)-4.379 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G 1.879
(punch for "change" is "c<backspace>/" and the).2 F 1.025(correct o)
69.336 294 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G 1.025(punch for V).2 F<ad>-6
-2.4 M 1.024
(is "V<backspace>-". These codes will be properly printed if you ha)
3.525 2.4 N 1.324 -.15(ve a p)-.2 H(roper).15 E(printer)69.336 306 Q 2.5
(,a)-.4 G(nd the corresponding EBCDIC code will be produced by the /IBM\
 option on the LIST command.)-2.5 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4)274.506 48 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5(12. The)69.336 96 R(Princeton Compiler)2.5 E F0
1.461("My name is Alice, so please your Majesty)94.336 132 R 1.462
(," said Alice v)-.65 F 1.462(ery politely; b)-.15 F 1.462
(ut she added, to herself, "Wh)-.2 F -.65(y,)-.05 G(the)94.336 144 Q(y')
-.15 E(re only a pack of cards, after all. I needn')-.5 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G
2.5(ea)-2.5 G(fraid of them!")-2.5 E 1.47(The Princeton compiler)69.336
162 R 3.97(,w)-.4 G 1.469(ritten in SPITBOL \(a v)-3.97 F 1.469
(ariant of SNOBOL\), performs the compilation in tw)-.25 F(o)-.1 E 1.524
(stages. First the INTERCAL source is con)69.336 174 R -.15(ve)-.4 G
1.525(rted into SPITBOL source, then the latter is compiled and).15 F
-.15(exe)69.336 186 S(cuted.).15 E 2.409
(It should be noted that the Princeton compiler f)69.336 204 R 2.408
(ails to properly interpret certain multiply-subscripted)-.1 F -.15(ex)
69.336 216 S(pressions, such as:).15 E(",1SUB",2SUB#1"#2")89.336 234 Q
2.35(This is not a "b)69.336 252 R 2.351(ug". Being documented, it is m\
erely a "restriction". Such cases may be resolv)-.2 F 2.351(ed by)-.15 F
(alternating sparks and ears in v)69.336 264 Q(arious le)-.25 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(ls of e).15 E(xpression nesting:)-.15 E(",1SUB',2SUB#1'#2")89.336
282 Q(which is advisable in an)69.336 300 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ase, since INTERCAL e)-2.5 E(xpressions are unreadable enough as is.)
-.15 E .071(Since there is currently no catalogued procedure for in)
69.336 318 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .071(king the compiler).2 F 2.57(,t)-.4 G .07
(he user must include the in-line)-2.57 F .143(procedure sho)69.336 330
R .143(wn in Figure 3 in his job before the compilation step. Copies of\
 this in-line procedure may be)-.25 F(obtained at an)69.336 342 Q 2.5
(yk)-.15 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(punch if the proper k).15 E -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5
(sa).15 G(re struck.)-2.5 E(The compiler is then e)69.336 360 Q -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cuted in the usual manner:).15 E(// EXEC INTERCAL[,P)89.336 390 Q
(ARM='parameters'])-.92 E(//COMPILE.SYSIN DD *)89.336 402 Q
({INTERCAL source deck})89.336 414 Q(/*)89.336 426 Q
(//EXECUTE.SYSWRITE DD *)89.336 438 Q({input data})89.336 450 Q(/*)
89.336 462 Q .212(The v)69.336 492 R .212
(arious parameters are described follo)-.25 F .211
(wing the in-line procedure. At most one parameter from each set)-.25 F
.706(may apply to a gi)69.336 504 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.206(nc).15 G .707(\
ompilation; if more than one are speci\214ed, the results are unde\214n\
ed, and may v)-3.206 F(ary)-.25 E
(depending upon the particular set of options. The def)69.336 516 Q
(ault parameters are italicized.)-.1 E(//INTERCAL PR)89.336 534 Q(OC)-.4
E(//COMPILE EXEC PGM=INTERCAL)89.336 546 Q
(//STEPLIB DD DSN=U.INTERCAL.LIBRAR)89.336 558 Q -1.29(Y,)-.65 G
(DISP=SHR)1.29 E 30(// DD)89.336 570 R(DSN=SYS1.FOR)2.5 E(TLIB,DISP=SHR)
-.6 E(//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=A,DCB=\(BLKSIZE=992,LRECL=137,RECFM=VB)89.336
582 Q(A\))-.35 E(//SYSPUNCH DD DUMMY)89.336 594 Q(//SCRA)89.336 606 Q
(TCH DD DSN=&COMPSET)-1.11 E(,UNIT=SYSD)-.74 E(A,SP)-.4 E -.4(AC)-.92 G
(E=\(CYL,\(3,1\)\),DISP=\(,P).4 E(ASS\))-.92 E
(//EXECUTE EXEC PGM=EXECUTE,COND=\(4,L)89.336 618 Q(T\))-.92 E
(//SOURCES DD DSN=U.INTERCAL.SOURCES,DISP=SHR)89.336 630 Q/F2 7
/Times-Roman@0 SF(4)7.5 -4 M F0(//STEPLIB DD DSN=U.INTERCAL.LIBRAR)
89.336 642 Q -1.29(Y,)-.65 G(DISP=SHR)1.29 E 30(// DD)89.336 654 R
(DSN=SYS5.SPITLIB,DISP=SHR)2.5 E 30(// DD)89.336 666 R(DSN=SYS1.FOR)2.5
E(TLIB,DISP=SHR)-.6 E(//SYSIN DD DSN=&COMPSET)89.336 678 Q
(,DISP=\(OLD,DELETE\))-.74 E
(//SYSOBJ DD SYSOUT=B,DCB=\(BLKSIZE=80,LRECL=80,RECFM=F\))89.336 690 Q
(//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=A,DCB=\(BLKSIZE=992,LRECL=137,RECFM=VB)89.336 702
Q(A\))-.35 E(//SYSPUNCH DD DUMMY)89.336 714 Q(// PEND)89.336 726 Q 0 Cg
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4)274.506 48 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G(Figure 3.)
185.491 96 Q(Inline procedure for using INTERCAL.)5 E/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(OPT)69.336 108 Q F0(NOOPT)69.336 120 Q .91
(In the def)94.336 132 R .91
(ault mode, the compiler will print a list of all options in ef)-.1 F
.91(fect, including the def)-.25 F .91(aults for)-.1 F 1.85
(unspeci\214ed parameter groups and the ef)94.336 144 R(fecti)-.25 E
2.15 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 1.85(ption for those sets where one w).15 F 1.85
(as speci\214ed. If)-.1 F(NOOPT is requested, it causes the def)94.336
156 Q(ault mode to be assumed.)-.1 E F1(OPTSUB)69.336 180 Q F0(NOOPTSUB)
69.336 192 Q(NOSUB)69.336 204 Q 1.032(Unless 'NOOPTSUB' is requested, t\
he System Library is optimized, resulting in much more rapid)94.336 216
R 1.566(processing of function calls. Specifying NOOPTSUB causes the no\
n-optimized INTERCAL code)94.336 228 R(sho)94.336 240 Q(wn in section)
-.25 E(to be used, whereas NOSUB requests that the System Library be om\
itted altogether)96.836 252 Q(.)-.55 E(IAMBIC)69.336 276 Q F1(PR)69.336
288 Q(OSE)-.4 E F0 .539(The IAMBIC parameter permits the programmer to \
use poetic license and thus write in v)94.336 300 R .538(erse. If the)
-.15 F 2.159(reader does not belie)94.336 312 R 2.459 -.15(ve i)-.25 H
4.659(tp).15 G 2.159(ossible to write v)-4.659 F 2.16
(erse in INTERCAL, he should send the authors a)-.15 F 1.159
(stamped, self-addressed en)94.336 324 R -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.159
(lope, along with an).15 F 3.658(yI)-.15 G 1.158
(NTERCAL program, and the)-3.658 F 3.658(yw)-.15 G 1.158(ill pro)-3.658
F 1.158(vide one)-.15 F(which is v)94.336 336 Q(erse.)-.15 E F1(FORMA)
69.336 360 Q(T)-.37 E F0(NOFORMA)69.336 372 Q(T)-1.11 E .145(In FORMA)
94.336 384 R 2.645(Tm)-1.11 G .146(ode, each statement printed is put o\
n a separate line \(or lines\). In NOFORMA)-2.645 F 2.646(Tm)-1.11 G
(ode,)-2.646 E .308(the free-format source is printed e)94.336 396 R
.307(xactly as input.)-.15 F .307
(In this latter case, statement numbers are pro)5.307 F(vided)-.15 E
1.925(only for the \214rst statement on a card, and the)94.336 408 R
4.425(ym)-.15 G 1.926(ay be only approximate. Also, unrecognizable)
-4.425 F(statements are not \215agged.)94.336 420 Q(SEQ)69.336 444 Q F1
(NOSEQ)69.336 456 Q F0 1.397(If the source deck has sequence numbers in\
 columns 73 through 80, specifying 'SEQ' will cause)94.336 468 R
(them to be ignored.)94.336 480 Q(SOURCE)69.336 504 Q F1(NOSOURCE)69.336
516 Q F0(If NOSOURCE is selected, all source listing is suppressed.)
94.336 528 Q(LIST)69.336 552 Q F1(NOLIST)69.336 564 Q F0 .998
(If LIST is speci\214ed, the compiler will pro)94.336 576 R .999
(vide a list of statement numbers catalogued according to)-.15 F(type o\
f statement. The compiler uses this table to perform abstentions by ger\
und.)94.336 588 Q(WIDTH=nn)69.336 612 Q 1.638(This sets the width \(in \
number of characters\) of the output line for FORMA)94.336 624 R 4.138
(Tm)-1.11 G 1.638(ode output. The)-4.138 F(def)94.336 636 Q(ault is)-.1
E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(132.)2.5 E .32 LW 73.336 655 69.336 655 DL
77.336 655 73.336 655 DL 81.336 655 77.336 655 DL 85.336 655 81.336 655
DL 89.336 655 85.336 655 DL 93.336 655 89.336 655 DL 97.336 655 93.336
655 DL 101.336 655 97.336 655 DL 105.336 655 101.336 655 DL 109.336 655
105.336 655 DL 113.336 655 109.336 655 DL 117.336 655 113.336 655 DL
121.336 655 117.336 655 DL 125.336 655 121.336 655 DL 129.336 655
125.336 655 DL 133.336 655 129.336 655 DL 137.336 655 133.336 655 DL
141.336 655 137.336 655 DL 145.336 655 141.336 655 DL 149.336 655
145.336 655 DL/F3 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(4.)69.336 672 Q(Pending acquisitio\
n of SPITBOL release 3.0, the SOURCES DD card must be replaced by the \
\214v)90.595 672 Q 2(ec)-.12 G(ards:)-2 E F0
(//NOOPTPFX DD DSN=U.INTERCAL.SOURCES\(NOOPTPFX\),DISP=SHR)110.595 690 Q
(//NOOPTSUB DD DSN=U.INTERCAL.SOURCES\(NOOPTSUB\),DISP=SHR)110.595 702 Q
(//OPTPFX DD DSN=U.INTERCAL.SOURCES\(OPTPFX\),DISP=SHR)110.595 714 Q
(//OPTSUB DD DSN=U.INTERCAL.SOURCES\(OPTSUB\),DISP=SHR)110.595 726 Q
(//PRELIM DD DSN=U.INTERCAL.SOURCES\(PRELIM\),DISP=SHR)110.595 738 Q 0
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4)274.506 48 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G(CODE)69.336 96
Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(NOCODE)69.336 108 Q F0 1.344(Include 'CODE' i\
n the parameter list to obtain a listing of the SPITBOL code produced f\
or each)94.336 120 R(INTERCAL statement.)94.336 132 Q(LINES=nn)69.336
156 Q .441(This determines the number of lines per page, during both co\
mpilation and e)94.336 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .441(cution. The def).15 F
.441(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(60.)94.336 180 Q F0(DECK)69.336
204 Q F1(NODECK)69.336 216 Q F0 .545(Selecting 'DECK' will cause the co\
mpiler to punch out a SPITBOL object deck which may then be)94.336 228 R
(run without rein)94.336 240 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G
(king the INTERCAL \(or SPITBOL\) compiler).2 E(.)-.55 E F1(KIDDING)
69.336 264 Q F0(NOKIDDING)69.336 276 Q .835(Select NOKIDDING to elimina\
te the snide remarks which ordinarily accompan)94.336 288 R 3.334(yI)
-.15 G .834(NTERCAL error)-3.334 F(messages.)94.336 300 Q F1(GO)69.336
324 Q F0(NOGO)69.336 336 Q 8.792(Specifying 'NOGO' will cause)94.336 348
R 8.793(the program to be compiled b)13.793 F 8.793(ut not e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .07
(EXECUTE/NOEXECUTE may be substituted for GO/NOGO, b)94.336 360 R .07
(ut this will result in an error)-.2 F 2.57(,a)-.4 G .07(nd GO)-2.57 F
(will be assumed.)94.336 372 Q F1 -.1(BU)69.336 396 S(G).1 E F0(NOB)
69.336 408 Q(UG)-.1 E .079(Under the def)94.336 420 R .079
(ault, there is a \214x)-.1 F .079(ed probability of a f)-.15 F .08
(atal compiler b)-.1 F .08(ug being w)-.2 F(ork)-.1 E .08
(ed at random into the)-.1 F .966
(program being compiled. Encountering this b)94.336 432 R .966
(ug during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .966
(cution results in error message 774 \(see).15 F 1.031
(section \). This probability is reduced to zero under 'NOB)94.336 444 R
1.032(UG'. This does not af)-.1 F 1.032(fect the probability)-.25 F
(\(presumably ne)94.336 456 Q(gligible\) of error message 778.)-.15 E F1
2.5(12.1 Other)69.336 474 R(INTERCAL Compiler)2.5 E(s)-.1 E F0
(There are no other INTERCAL compilers.)69.336 492 Q/F3 7/Times-Roman@0
SF(5)2.5 -4 M .32 LW 73.336 716 69.336 716 DL 77.336 716 73.336 716 DL
81.336 716 77.336 716 DL 85.336 716 81.336 716 DL 89.336 716 85.336 716
DL 93.336 716 89.336 716 DL 97.336 716 93.336 716 DL 101.336 716 97.336
716 DL 105.336 716 101.336 716 DL 109.336 716 105.336 716 DL 113.336 716
109.336 716 DL 117.336 716 113.336 716 DL 121.336 716 117.336 716 DL
125.336 716 121.336 716 DL 129.336 716 125.336 716 DL 133.336 716
129.336 716 DL 137.336 716 133.336 716 DL 141.336 716 137.336 716 DL
145.336 716 141.336 716 DL 149.336 716 145.336 716 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0
SF(5.)69.336 733 Q .417(This assertion in the INTERCAL-72 manual w)
90.595 733 R .417(as blatantly contradicted by some notes on an Atari i\
mplementation included at)-.08 F(the end of the manual.)90.595 744 Q
(So, you e)4 E(xpect compiler manuals to be consistent?)-.12 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4)274.506 48 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G/F1 14
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.252(TO)249.455 96 S(NSIL A).252 E/F2 11/Times-Bold@0
SF(6)-5.6 I F0("Of course the)94.336 138 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(nswer to their names?" the Gnat remark)-2.5 E(ed carelessly)-.1 E(.)
-.65 E("I ne)94.336 156 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rk).15 G(ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wt)
-.25 G(hem to do it.")-2.5 E("What')94.336 174 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
(he use of their ha)-2.5 E(ving names," the Gnat said, "if the)-.2 E 2.5
(yw)-.15 G(o'n')-2.6 E 2.5(ta)-.18 G(nswer to them?")-2.5 E .226
("No use to)94.336 192 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(them)2.726 E F0 .226
(," said Alice; "b)B .226(ut it')-.2 F 2.727(su)-.55 G .227
(seful to the people that name them, I suppose. If not, wh)-2.727 F
2.727(yd)-.05 G 2.727(ot)-2.727 G(hings)-2.727 E(ha)94.336 204 Q .3 -.15
(ve n)-.2 H(ames at all?").15 E .532("I ca'n')94.336 222 R 3.032(ts)-.18
G(ay)-3.032 E .532(," the Gnat replied. "Further on, in the w)-.65 F
.532(ood do)-.1 F .531(wn there, the)-.25 F(y')-.15 E .831 -.15(ve g)-.5
H .531(ot no names -- ho).15 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.331 -.4(r, g)
.15 H(o).4 E(on with your list....")94.336 234 Q/F4 11/Times-Roman@0 SF
(The Of)69.336 252 Q(\214cial INTERCAL Character Set)-.275 E -.88(Ta)
69.336 270 S -.22(bu).88 G .497(lated ne).22 F .497
(xt are all the characters used in INTERCAL, e)-.165 F .496
(xcepting letters and digits, along with)-.165 F 1.771
(their names and interpretations. Also included are se)69.336 282 R
-.165(ve)-.275 G 1.771(ral characters not used in INTERCAL,).165 F
(which are presented for completeness and to allo)69.336 294 Q 2.75(wf)
-.275 G(or future e)-2.75 E(xpansion.)-.165 E .32 LW 73.336 699 69.336
699 DL 77.336 699 73.336 699 DL 81.336 699 77.336 699 DL 85.336 699
81.336 699 DL 89.336 699 85.336 699 DL 93.336 699 89.336 699 DL 97.336
699 93.336 699 DL 101.336 699 97.336 699 DL 105.336 699 101.336 699 DL
109.336 699 105.336 699 DL 113.336 699 109.336 699 DL 117.336 699
113.336 699 DL 121.336 699 117.336 699 DL 125.336 699 121.336 699 DL
129.336 699 125.336 699 DL 133.336 699 129.336 699 DL 137.336 699
133.336 699 DL 141.336 699 137.336 699 DL 145.336 699 141.336 699 DL
149.336 699 145.336 699 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(6.)69.336 716 Q .164
(Since all other reference manuals ha)90.595 716 R .404 -.12(ve A)-.16 H
.164(ppendices, it w).12 F .164
(as decided that the INTERCAL manual should contain some other type)-.08
F(of remo)90.595 727 Q -.2(va)-.12 G(ble or).2 E -.04(ga)-.144 G(n.).04
E(7.)69.336 744 Q(This footnote intentionally unreferenced.)90.595 744 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4)274.506 48 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G .32 LW 69.336
98.75 69.336 98.75 DL/F1 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(Character)72.086 98.75 Q
(Name)-42.757 E(Use \(if an)-26.268 E(y\))-.165 E 69.336 96.75 69.336
96.75 DL 69.336 98.75 69.336 98.75 DL -2.75(.s)72.086 98.75 S(pot)2.75 E
(identify 16-bit v)-18.337 E(ariable)-.275 E -3.058(:t)69.336 96 S -.11
(wo)3.058 G(-spot).11 E(identify 32-bit v)-38.39 E(ariable)-.275 E -2.75
(,t)69.336 96 S(ail)2.75 E(identify 16-bit array)-14.058 E 3.311 -3.058
(;h y)69.336 96 T(brid)3.058 E(identify 32-bit array)-28.666 E -5.5(#m)
69.336 96 S(esh)5.5 E(identify constant)-23.221 E -6.204(=h)69.336 96 S
(alf-mesh)6.204 E -3.663<b473>69.336 96 S(park)3.663 E(grouper)-23.826 E
-3.663(`b)69.336 96 S(ackspark)3.663 E 4.466 -3.663(!w o)69.336 96 T
-20.999(we)3.388 G(qui)20.999 E -.275(va)-.275 G(lent to spark-spot).275
E -4.884(?w)69.336 96 S(hat)4.884 E/F2 11/Times-Italic@0 SF(unary e)
-21.384 E(xclusive OR \(ASCII\))-.22 E F1 -4.488("r)69.336 96 S
(abbit-ears)4.488 E(grouper)-47.036 E -3.619(".r)69.336 96 S(abbit)3.619
E(equi)-25.663 E -.275(va)-.275 G(lent to ears-spot).275 E -2.2(|s)
69.336 96 S(pik)2.2 E(e)-.11 E -9.163(%d)69.336 96 S(ouble-oh-se)9.163 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G -72.875(np).165 G(ercentage quali\214er)72.875 E 9.548
-6.204(\255w o)69.336 96 T(rm)6.204 E(used with angles)-25.553 E -6.204
(<a)69.336 96 S(ngle)6.204 E(used with w)-23.826 E(orms)-.11 E -6.204
(>r)69.336 96 S(ight angle)6.204 E 4.466 -3.663(\(w a)69.336 96 T
-18.216(xp)3.663 G(recedes line label)18.216 E 4.466 -3.663(\)w a)69.336
96 T(ne)3.663 E(follo)-23.1 E(ws line label)-.275 E 7.326 -3.663([U t)
69.336 96 T(urn)3.663 E 7.326 -3.663(]U t)69.336 96 T(urn back)3.663 E
-5.28({e)69.336 96 S(mbrace)5.28 E -5.28(}b)69.336 96 S(racelet)5.28 E
-5.5(*s)69.336 96 S(plat)5.5 E(\215ags in)-20.779 E -.275(va)-.44 G
(lid statements).275 E -8.558(&a)69.336 96 S(mpersand)8.558 E/F3 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF(8)2.75 -4.4 M F1(unary logical AND)-54.402 4.4 M
15.884 -7.942(VV \()69.336 96 T(or book\))7.942 E(unary logical OR)
-51.931 E(V)69.336 96 Q<ad>-6.6 -2.4 M(bookw)-7.546 2.4 M(orm \(or uni)
-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(rsal quali\214er\)).165 E(unary e)-148.841 E
(xclusi)-.165 E .33 -.165(ve O)-.275 H(R).165 E -5.5($b)69.336 96 S
(ig mone)5.5 E(y)-.165 E F2(binary mingle \(ASCII\))-46.585 E F1 -5.5
<a263>69.336 96 S(hange)5.5 E(binary mingle)-31.152 E -3.663(~s)69.336
96 S(qiggle)3.663 E(binary select)-31.779 E -5.5<5f8d>69.336 96 S(at w)
5.5 E(orm)-.11 E .44 LW 74.836 87.75 69.336 87.75 DL -.165(ove)69.336 96
S(rline).165 E(indicates "times 1000")-35.717 E -6.204(+i)69.336 96 S
(ntersection)6.204 E(separates list items)-51.326 E -3.058(/s)69.336 96
S(lat)3.058 E -3.058(\\b)69.336 96 S(ackslat)3.058 E -10.131(@w)69.336
96 S(hirlpool)10.131 E/F4 11/Symbol SF<d8>69.336 96 Q F1(hookw)-7.843 E
(orm)-.11 E -3.663(^s)69.336 96 S(hark \(or simply shark\214n\))3.663 E
-5.5(#*)69.886 96 S 75.386 96 69.886 96 DL 75.386 90.5 75.386 96 DL
69.886 90.5 75.386 90.5 DL 69.886 96 69.886 90.5 DL(blotch)69.336 96 Q
<b062>69.336 96 Q(unghole \256)-.22 E(name grabber)-8.36 E F4<b4>69.336
96 Q F1(andre)-6.039 E 2.75(wc)-.275 G(ross)-2.75 E F4<b8>69.336 96 Q F1
(norwe)-6.039 E(gian minus)-.165 E -8.36<a974>69.336 96 S -.165(ex)8.36
G 2.75(tg).165 G(rabber)-2.75 E -5.5<a773>69.336 96 S -.11(wa)5.5 G(sh)
.11 E/F5 11/Symbol-Slanted SF(m)69.336 96 Q F1(microscope)-5.643 E F4
<b1>69.336 96 Q F1(interw)-6.039 E(orm)-.11 E F4<d8>69.336 96 Q F1
(half turn)-7.843 E -5.5<a371>69.336 96 S(uid)5.5 E(binary mingle)
-19.558 E -5.5<a47a>69.336 96 S(lotnik)5.5 E(binary mingle)-30.558 E .32
LW 69.336 98.75 69.336 98.75 DL 69.336 2.75 69.336 98.75 DL 69.336 2.75
69.336 98.75 DL .44 LW 455.854 88.75 69.336 88.75 DL 13.75
(Character Name)74.836 98 R(Use \(if an)127.16 E(y\))-.165 E 455.854
102.75 69.336 102.75 DL 455.854 104.75 69.336 104.75 DL 56.507(.s)74.836
114 S 132.341(pot identify)-56.507 F(16-bit v)2.75 E(ariable)-.275 E
56.199(:t)74.836 126 S -.11(wo)-56.199 G 112.288(-spot identify).11 F
(32-bit v)2.75 E(ariable)-.275 E 56.507(,t)74.836 138 S 136.62
(ail identify)-56.507 F(16-bit array)2.75 E 56.199(;h)74.836 150 S
122.012(ybrid identify)-56.254 F(32-bit array)2.75 E 53.757(#m)74.836
162 S 127.457(esh identify)-53.757 F(constant)2.75 E 53.053(=h)74.836
174 S(alf-mesh)-53.053 E 55.594<b473>74.836 186 S 126.852(park grouper)
-55.594 F 55.594(`b)74.836 198 S(ackspark)-55.594 E 55.594(!w)74.836 210
S 130.229 -.275(ow e)-55.704 H(qui).275 E -.275(va)-.275 G
(lent to spark-spot).275 E 54.373(?w)74.836 222 S 129.294(hat unary)
-54.373 F(logical XOR)2.75 E 54.769("r)74.836 234 S 103.642
(abbit-ears grouper)-54.769 F 60.126 -3.619(". r)74.836 246 T 125.015
(abbit equi)3.619 F -.275(va)-.275 G(lent to ears-spot).275 E 57.057(|s)
74.836 258 S(pik)-57.057 E(e)-.11 E 50.094(%d)74.836 270 S(ouble-oh-se)
-50.094 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 80.553(np).165 G(ercentage quali\214er)
-80.553 E 53.053<ad77>74.836 282 S 125.125(orm used)-53.163 F
(with angles)2.75 E 53.053(<a)74.836 294 S 126.852(ngle used)-53.053 F
(with w)2.75 E(orms)-.11 E 53.053(>r)74.836 306 S(ight angle)-53.053 E
55.594(\(w)74.836 318 S 132.462(ax precedes)-55.704 F(line label)2.75 E
55.594(\)w)74.836 330 S 127.578(ane follo)-55.704 F(ws line label)-.275
E 55.594([U)74.836 342 S(turn)-52.844 E 55.594(]U)74.836 354 S
(turn back)-52.844 E 53.977({e)74.836 366 S(mbrace)-53.977 E 53.977(}b)
74.836 378 S(racelet)-53.977 E 53.757(*s)74.836 390 S 129.899
(plat \215ags)-53.757 F(in)2.75 E -.275(va)-.44 G(lid statements).275 E
50.699(&a)74.836 402 S(mpersand)-50.699 E F3(10)2.75 -4.4 M F1
(unary logical AND)95.026 4.4 M 51.315(VV)74.836 414 S(\(or book\))
-48.565 E(unary logical OR)101.497 E(V)74.836 426 Q<ad>-6.6 -2.4 M
(bookw)51.711 2.4 M(orm \(uni)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(rsal quali\214er\)).165 E(unary logical XOR \(INTERCAL-72\))16.5 E
53.757($b)74.836 438 S(ig mone)-53.757 E 106.843(yb)-.165 G
(inary mingle)-106.843 E 53.757<a263>74.836 450 S 119.526(hange binary)
-53.757 F(mingle \(INTERCAL-72\))2.75 E 55.594(~s)74.836 462 S 118.899
(qiggle binary)-55.594 F(select)2.75 E 53.757<5f8d>74.836 474 S(at w)
-53.757 E(orm)-.11 E 80.336 477.75 74.836 477.75 DL -.165(ove)134.093
486 S 114.961(rline indicates).165 F("times 1000")2.75 E 53.053(+i)
74.836 498 S 99.352(ntersection separates)-53.053 F(list items)2.75 E
56.199(/s)74.836 510 S(lat)-56.199 E 56.199(\\b)74.836 522 S(ackslat)
-56.199 E 49.126(@w)74.836 534 S 107.899(hirlpool unary)-49.126 F
(logical B)2.75 E(UT \(T)-.11 E(riINTERCAL\))-.385 E F4<d8>74.836 546 Q
F1(hookw)51.414 E(orm)-.11 E 55.594(^s)74.836 558 S
(hark \(or simply shark\214n\))-55.594 E(unary logical XOR \(T)39.468 E
(riINTERCAL\))-.385 E -5.5(#*)75.386 570 S 80.886 570 75.386 570 DL
80.886 564.5 80.886 570 DL 75.386 564.5 80.886 564.5 DL 75.386 570
75.386 564.5 DL(blotch)134.093 570 Q 43.857<b062>69.336 582 S(unghole)
-44.077 E 50.897<ae6e>74.836 594 S(ame grabber)-50.897 E F4<b4>74.836
606 Q F1(andre)53.218 E 2.75(wc)-.275 G(ross)-2.75 E F4<b8>74.836 618 Q
F1(norwe)53.218 E(gian minus)-.165 E 50.897<a974>74.836 630 S -.165(ex)
-50.897 G 2.75(tg).165 G(rabber)-2.75 E 53.757<a773>74.836 642 S -.11
(wa)-53.757 G(sh).11 E F5(m)74.836 654 Q F1(microscope)53.614 E F4<b1>
74.836 666 Q F1(interw)53.218 E(orm)-.11 E F4<d8>74.836 678 Q F1
(half turn)51.414 E 53.757<a371>74.836 690 S 131.12(uid binary)-53.757 F
(mingle)2.75 E 53.757<a47a>74.836 702 S 120.12(lotnik binary)-53.757 F
(mingle)2.75 E 455.854 718.75 69.336 718.75 DL 455.854 88.75 455.854
718.75 DL 69.336 88.75 69.336 718.75 DL -.88(Ta)184.801 726 S
(ble 2 \(top vie).88 E(w\). INTERCAL character set.)-.275 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
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